Determining minimum ultimate size, setting size limits, and developing trophy standards and indices of comparable size for maintaining quality muskellunge (Esox masquinongy) populations and sports fisheries

2007 ◽  
pp. 137-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Casselman
Keyword(s):  
Esox Masquinongy ◽  
Size Limits ◽  
Comparable Size

scholarly journals Small sample size limits the usefulness of anterior open bite study

2021 ◽  
Vol 159 (3) ◽  
pp. e203
Author(s):  
Sandhya Jain ◽  
Srishti Jain ◽  
Merin Kuriakose
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Open Bite ◽  
Anterior Open Bite ◽  
Size Limits

Comparative urogenital morphology and external sex determination in muskellunge, Esox masquinongy Mitchill

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 1053-1060 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Lebeau ◽  
Gérard Pageau
Keyword(s):  
Ventral Surface ◽  
Northern Pike ◽  
Structural Basis ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Esox Masquinongy ◽  
Secondary Sexual Characteristics ◽  
Sexual Characteristics ◽  
Spawning Behaviour ◽  
Accurate Indicator ◽  
Secondary Sexual

Primary and secondary sexual characteristics in northern pike, Esox lucius Linneaus, and muskellunge, Esox masquinongy Mitchill, differ markedly. Differences in the internal urogenital anatomy include the structure of the genital ducts and the angle they form with the ventral surface. Externally, the genital and urinary ducts open directly to the environment in northern pike, whereas in muskellunge they open into a muscular papilla and then through a urogenital pore. Differences in sexual dimorphism between the two closely related esocids constitute a structural basis to explain the known differences in spawning behaviour and reproductive success. Differences in secondary sexual characteristics explain why the methods developed by Demchenko or Casselman to externally sex pike are inapplicable to muskellunge. To develop and test two external sexing techniques for muskellunge, specimens were collected from two regions in Canada from 1980 to 1987. Examination of reproductive products obtained from stripping provided an accurate indicator of sex and sexual maturity, but demonstrated serious limitations. A simple method to sex muskellunge by examination of the external urogenital morphology is described for juveniles and adults. Dissection of fish revealed that with the urogenital examination technique we sexed juveniles with a success rate of 92–98%, and adults with 100% accuracy.

KINETIC RESPONSE OF SURFACES DEFINED BY FINITE FRACTALS

Fractals ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (04) ◽  
pp. 461-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
PRADEEP R. NAIR ◽  
MUHAMMAD A. ALAM
Keyword(s):  
Scaling Laws ◽  
Finite Size ◽  
Critical Dimension ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Scale Invariant ◽  
Fractal Surfaces ◽  
Dimension Formula ◽  
Diffusion Limited ◽  
Engineered Systems ◽  
Size Limits

Historically, fractal analysis has been remarkably successful in describing wide ranging kinetic processes on (idealized) scale invariant objects in terms of elegantly simple universal scaling laws. However, as nanostructured materials find increasing applications in energy storage, energy conversion, healthcare, etc., one must reexamine the premise of traditional fractal scaling laws as it only applies to physically unrealistic infinite systems, while all natural/engineered systems are necessarily finite. In this article, we address the consequences of the 'finite-size' problem in the context of time dependent diffusion towards fractal surfaces via the novel technique of Cantor-transforms to (i) illustrate how finiteness modifies its classical scaling exponents; (ii) establish that for finite systems, the diffusion-limited reaction is decelerated below a critical dimension [Formula: see text] and accelerated above it; and (iii) to identify the crossover size-limits beyond which a finite system can be considered (practically) infinite and redefine the very notion of 'finiteness' of fractals in terms of its kinetic response. Our results have broad implications regarding dynamics of systems defined by the same fractal dimension, but differentiated by degree of scaling iteration or morphogenesis, e.g. variation in lung capacity between a child and adult.

Large Surface Effect Ship Size Limits

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (02) ◽  
pp. 84-91
Author(s):  
Stefanos Koullias ◽  
Santiago Balestrini Robinson ◽  
Dimitri N. Mavris
Keyword(s):  
Historical Data ◽  
Surface Effect ◽  
Advanced Materials ◽  
Complex Structures ◽  
First Principle ◽  
Simplified Models ◽  
Surface Effect Ship ◽  
Size Limits ◽  
Technology Level ◽  
Insight Into

The purpose of this study is to obtain insight into surface effect ship (SES) endurance without reliance on historical data as a function of geometry, displacement, and technology level. First-principle models of the resistance, structures, and propulsion system are developed and integrated to predict large SES endurance and to suggest the directions that future large SESs will take. It is found that large SESs are dominated by structural weight, which indicates the need for advanced materials and complex structures, and that advanced propulsion cycles can increase endurance by up to 33%. SES endurance is shown to be a nonlinear discontinuous function of geometry, displacement, and technology level that cannot be predicted by simplified models or assumptions.

Cage size and flight speed of the tobacco hawkmoth Manduca sexta

1995 ◽  
Vol 198 (8) ◽  
pp. 1665-1672 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Stevenson ◽  
K Corbo ◽  
L Baca ◽  
Q Le
Keyword(s):  
Manduca Sexta ◽  
Flight Speed ◽  
Flight Behavior ◽  
Cube Root ◽  
The Third ◽  
Chamber Volume ◽  
Cage Size ◽  
Allometric Analysis ◽  
Size Limits ◽  
Chamber Size

Flight speeds and behaviors of the sphinx moth Manduca sexta were recorded in chambers of four different sizes (0.57, 8.5, 44 and 447 m3). Mean horizontal speed increased linearly with the cube root of chamber volume from 0.57 m s-1 in the smallest chamber to 3.4 m s-1 in the largest. The maximum horizontal speed observed was 5.3 m s-1 in the largest chamber. Speeds decreased linearly with the logarithm of hawkmoth proximity to the wall. In a tunnel chamber (the third largest), moths often flew in a scalloped-shaped path. At the top of the scallop, they glided for 1­5 wing beats. In the largest chamber, moths could be recorded flying at angles other than horizontal (0 °). At flight angles greater or less than 0 °, mean speed decreased linearly with angle until ±40 °. At greater angles, speeds remained between 1 and 2 m s-1. Moths also flew closer to the wall at flight angles deviating from the horizontal. An allometric analysis of the flight speeds of insects and birds suggests that M. sexta may be able to fly at 7­10 m s-1. We conclude that chamber size limits the flight speed and modifies the flight behavior of the tobacco hawkmoth.

scholarly journals Muscle capillary supply in harbor seals

2001 ◽  
Vol 90 (5) ◽  
pp. 1919-1926 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shane B. Kanatous ◽  
Robert Elsner ◽  
Odile Mathieu-Costello
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Harbor Seals ◽  
Capillary Length ◽  
Capillary Supply ◽  
Terrestrial Mammals ◽  
Lower Volume ◽  
Fiber Number ◽  
Mitochondrial Volume ◽  
Comparable Size

The purpose of this study was to examine muscle capillary supply in harbor seals. Locomotory and nonlocomotory muscles of four harbor seals (mass = 17.5–41 kg) were glutaraldehyde-perfusion fixed and samples processed for electron microscopy and analyzed by morphometry. Capillary-to-fiber number and surface ratios were 0.81 ± 0.05 and 0.16 ± 0.01, respectively. Capillary length and surface area per volume of muscle fiber were 1,495 ± 83 mm/mm3 and 22.4 ± 1.6 mm2/mm3, respectively. In the locomotory muscles, we measured capillary length and surface area per volume mitochondria (20.1 ± 1.7 km/ml and 2,531 ± 440 cm2/ml). All these values are 1.5–3 times lower than in muscles with similar or lower volume densities of mitochondria in dogs of comparable size. Compared with terrestrial mammals, the skeletal muscles of harbor seals do not match their increased aerobic enzyme capacities and mitochondrial volume densities with greater muscle capillary supply. They have a smaller capillary-to-fiber interface and capillary supply per fiber mitochondrial volume than terrestrial mammals of comparable size.

scholarly journals Constraint Problem Specification as Compression

10.29007/7ths ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve Prestwich ◽  
S. Armagan Tarim ◽  
Roberto Rossi
Keyword(s):  
Logic Programming ◽  
Data Compression ◽  
Constraint Programming ◽  
Auxiliary Problem ◽  
Combinatorial Problems ◽  
Specification Languages ◽  
Constraint Problem ◽  
High Level ◽  
Natural Way ◽  
Comparable Size

Constraint Programming is a powerful and expressive framework for modelling and solving combinatorial problems. It is nevertheless not always easy to use, which has led to the development of high-level specification languages. We show that Constraint Logic Programming can be used as a meta-language to describe itself more compactly at a higher level of abstraction. This can produce problem descriptions of comparable size to those in existing specification languages, via techniques similar to those used in data compression. An advantage over existing specification languages is that, for a problem whose specification requires the solution of an auxiliary problem, a single specification can unify the two problems. Moreover, using a symbolic representation of domain values leads to a natural way of modelling channelling constraints.

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