Assessment of Protection Systems for Gravel-Buried Pipelines Considering Impact and Recurrent Shear Loading Caused by Thermal Deformations of the Pipe

Author(s):  
B. Pichler ◽  
Ch. Hellmich ◽  
St. Scheiner ◽  
J. Eberhardsteiner ◽  
H. A. Mang
2021 ◽  
Vol 147 (3) ◽  
pp. 04020177
Author(s):  
Daniela Dominica Porcino ◽  
Theodoros Triantafyllidis ◽  
Torsten Wichtmann ◽  
Giuseppe Tomasello

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 03120003
Author(s):  
Ronghuan Xu ◽  
Ruinian Jiang ◽  
Tie-jun Qu

2005 ◽  
pp. 4-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Sonin

In unequal societies, the rich may benefit from shaping economic institutions in their favor. This paper analyzes the dynamics of institutional subversion by focusing on public protection of property rights. If this institution functions imperfectly, agents have incentives to invest in private protection of property rights. The ability to maintain private protection systems makes the rich natural opponents of public protection of property rights and precludes grass-roots demand to drive the development of the market-friendly institution. The economy becomes stuck in a bad equilibrium with low growth rates, high inequality of income, and wide-spread rent-seeking. The Russian oligarchs of the 1990s, who controlled large stakes of newly privatized property, provide motivation for this paper.


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