Australian Labour Market Issues: an Historical Perspective

1998 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 690-715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joe Isaac
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Industrial Relations ◽  
Institutional Arrangement ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Women's Wages ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Wage Inflation

This paper provides an historical perspective on topics related to recent developments in the Australian industrial relations system discussed in this issue of the Journal— the 'living wage' concept and the safety net, 'fairness' in relative wages, women's wages, the Accord, labour market decentralisation and the role of trade unions. It concludes that recent legislation was not necessary to facilitate increased productivity because the prevailing system had shown sufficient responsiveness to the needs of the economy, both macro and micro. By limiting the jurisdiction of the AIRC and reducing the power of the weaker unions, recent legislation bas created a dual system with a less equitable pay structure and an institutional arrangement less able to deal with wage inflation under more buoyant economic conditions.

The Structures of Cellulose

1990 ◽  
Vol 197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajai H. Atalla
Keyword(s):  
Material Properties ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Structural Models ◽  
Spectral Information ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Sensitive Information ◽  
Industrial Practice ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
C Nmr

ABSTRACTThis report presents an overview of studies on the structures of cellulose. After presenting a brief historical perspective, the report reviews diffractometrically based structural models and then describes recent developments based on models that are consistent with both diffractometric and spectroscopic observations. The primary impetus for development of these models was provided by Raman and 13C NMR (CP-MAS) spectral results that could not be rationalized on the basis of classical structural models, which are constrained by diffractometric data alone. The structures derived from integrating the spectral information into the data base, which constrain the models, represent relatively small but very significant departures from those structures derived on the basis of diffractometry alone. In addition to rationalizing all the structurally sensitive information, the new models provide a basis for complementary use of spectroscopic and diffractometric methods to monitor variations of the states of aggregation of celluloses with source and history. Thus, it is now possible to investigate the effects of different processing variables, which are important in industrial practice, on both secondary and tertiary levels of structure in celluloses. These levels of structure have a major influence on the material properties of commercial celluloses, yet adequate characterization of these levels has been quite elusive.

Introduction

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Economic Crises ◽  
Working People ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Historical Contextualization

This introductory chapter sets out the book's purpose, which is to put the present economic crisis and its impact on workers in historical perspective, situating recent developments in the context of previous economic crises that have marked the industrial era. For, while much as been written about the origins and impact of the present crisis, most of it treats that crisis in historical isolation, and most of it treats workers as mere casualties or as an afterthought, if at all. The volume is premised on the notion that the historical contextualization of the present economic crisis demands an approach that is both transnational and cross-disciplinary, and one that takes the experiences of working people seriously. The chapter then discusses the long view of economic crises and workers' agency in an era of global transformation. An overview of the subsequent chapters is also presented.

References to Islam and Women in the Afghan Constitution

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 270-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hashim Kamali
Keyword(s):  
Special Reference ◽  
Women's Rights ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Women’S Rights ◽  
Parliamentary Elections ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Royal Household

AbstractThis paper is presented in three parts and several sections. The first part consists of a stocktaking of recent developments and dynamics that have engaged President Hamid Karzai's government ever since he came to power in December 2001. A mixed picture is presented which draws attention to many problems that have impeded reconstruction efforts in the country. Some positive developments have also occurred including, for example, the introduction of a new constitution, presidential and parliamentary elections, as well as resumption of schooling for children that by mid-2006 had numbered four million throughout the country. An overview of the previous constitutions and a brief historical perspective attempt to show how leadership flaws and internal differences in the royal household plunged Afghanistan into a succession of coups, foreign invasions, and catastrophic consequences for its people. Are there any lessons to be learnt? The second part of this essay focuses on a review and analysis of the 2004 constitution with special reference to Islam, and the last part takes a similar approach to women's rights.

scholarly journals Pathogenesis of Mesial Temporal Sclerosis

1993 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 184-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Elizabeth Pringle ◽  
T. Blume Warren ◽  
G. Munoz David ◽  
L. Stan Leung
Keyword(s):  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Selective Vulnerability ◽  
Mesial Temporal Sclerosis ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Synaptic Reorganization ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Temporal Structures

ABSTRACT:A relationship between epilepsy and damage to mesial temporal structures has long been recognized. Recent advances have clarified somewhat the issue of whether the pathological changes seen in mesial temporal sclerosis represent the cause or the effect of seizures. This paper reviews mesial temporal sclerosis from an historical perspective and summarizes recent developments in the fields of excitotoxicity, selective vulnerability, and synaptic reorganization as they pertain to the pathogenesis of mesial temporal sclerosis.

A brief historical review of poetry’s place in nursing

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 436-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin Macduff
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Nursing Practice ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
Professional Nursing ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Ebb And Flow ◽  
Practice Education

The relationship between nursing and poetry is not necessarily obvious and may often be seen as marginal to mainstream nursing activities. This review paper seeks to examine this relationship by taking primarily an historical perspective, starting from Nightingale and the development of mainstream professional nursing. Through an indicative rather than exhaustive literature review, the ebb and flow of this relationship is traced. This provides both an overview and specific insights into the ways that poetry can manifest within nursing, highlighting some recent developments and the potential for further applications. As such the paper argues that poetry in its various forms should have more central consideration within nursing practice, education and research.

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