Role of Attraction and Danger Signals in the Uptake of Apoptotic and Necrotic Cells and its Immunological Outcome

Abstract. How does the perceptual system process stimuli that signal aversive outcomes or dangers? Considering the functional links between perception, attention, and action regulation, we posit that when people can avoid the aversive consequences, sensitivity of the perceptual system to danger signals should be enhanced, whereas it should be reduced when there is no such option. To test this prediction, we used a search task in which tachistoscopically presented conjunctions of features had to be detected. Parameters of sensitivity and response bias were analyzed drawing on procedures from signal detection theory. Although the experimental procedure rewarded correct responses, the predicted asymmetry emerged. For stimuli that were linked to a negative consequence (loss of points in the experimental game), perceptual sensitivity was enhanced when participants had the opportunity to neutralize the loss in a second task; an opposite pattern emerged when they had no such opportunity.

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The Role of HMGB1 in Cardiovascular Biology: Danger Signals

Antioxidants and Redox Signaling ◽

10.1089/ars.2015.6408 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 23 (17) ◽

pp. 1351-1369 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Jingjing Cai ◽

Juan Wen ◽

Eileen Bauer ◽

Hua Zhong ◽

Hong Yuan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Danger Signals ◽

Cardiovascular Biology

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The role of danger signals in chemical-induced immune allergy

Toxicology Letters ◽

10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.05.082 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 205 ◽

pp. S20

Author(s):

R. Pieters

Keyword(s):

Danger Signals

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The role of danger signals and ectonucleotidases in acute graft-versus-host disease

Human Immunology ◽

10.1016/j.humimm.2016.02.005 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 77 (11) ◽

pp. 1037-1047 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Petya Apostolova ◽

Robert Zeiser

Keyword(s):

Graft Versus Host Disease ◽

Host Disease ◽

Graft Versus Host ◽

Danger Signals ◽

Acute Graft

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Role of metallothioneins as danger signals in the pathogenesis of colitis

The Journal of Pathology ◽

10.1002/path.4330 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 233 (1) ◽

pp. 89-100 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Lindsey Devisscher ◽

Pieter Hindryckx ◽

Michael A Lynes ◽

Anouk Waeytens ◽

Claude Cuvelier ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Danger Signals

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Heat Shock Proteins and Inflammasomes

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms20184508 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (18) ◽

pp. 4508 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Pierre Martine ◽

Cédric Rébé

Keyword(s):

Heat Shock ◽

Heat Shock Proteins ◽

Inflammatory Cytokine ◽

Molecular Pathways ◽

Multiple Functions ◽

Danger Signals ◽

Caspase 1 ◽

Shock Proteins ◽

Inflammatory Caspases

Heat shock proteins (HSP) regulate inflammation in many physiological contexts. However, inflammation is a broad process, involving numerous cytokines produced by different molecular pathways with multiple functions. In this review, we focused on the particular role of HSP on the inflammasomes intracellular platforms activated by danger signals and that enable activation of inflammatory caspases, mainly caspase-1, leading to the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β. Interestingly, some members of the HSP family favor inflammasomes activation whereas others inhibit it, suggesting that HSP modulators for therapeutic purposes, must be carefully chosen.

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The role of microglia membrane potential in chemotaxis

10.1101/2020.05.19.104109 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Laura Laprell ◽

Christian Schulze ◽

Marie-Luise Brehme ◽

Thomas G. Oertner

Keyword(s):

Membrane Potential ◽

Driving Force ◽

Chemotactic Response ◽

Excitable Cells ◽

Danger Signals ◽

Stimulus Response ◽

Cellular Processes

AbstractMicroglia react to danger signals by rapid and targeted extension of cellular processes towards the source of the signal. This positive chemotactic response is accompanied by a hyperpolarization of the microglia membrane. Here we show that optogenetic depolarization of microglia has little effect on baseline motility, but significantly slows down the chemotactic response. Reducing the extracellular Ca2+ concentration mimics the effect of optogenetic depolarization. As the membrane potential sets the driving force for Ca2+ entry, hyperpolarization is an integral part of rapid stimulus-response coupling in microglia. Compared to typical excitable cells such as neurons, the sign of the activating response is inverted in microglia, leading to inhibition by depolarizing channelrhodopsins.

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