Organization of Motor Cortical Inputs to the Subthalamic Nucleus in the Monkey

2009 ◽  
pp. 109-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hirokazu Iwamuro ◽  
Yoshihisa Tachibana ◽  
Nobuhito Saito ◽  
Atsushi Nambu
Keyword(s):  
Subthalamic Nucleus ◽  
Motor Cortical ◽  
Cortical Inputs

Organization of motor cortical inputs in the globus pallidus via the subthalamic nucleus in the monkey

2007 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. S151
Author(s):  
Hirokazu Iwamuro ◽  
Yoshihisa Tachibana ◽  
Nobuhito Saito ◽  
Atsushi Nambu
Keyword(s):  
Globus Pallidus ◽  
Subthalamic Nucleus ◽  
Motor Cortical ◽  
Cortical Inputs

scholarly journals Distinct roles for motor cortical and thalamic inputs to striatum during motor learning and execution

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steffen B. E. Wolff ◽  
Raymond Ko ◽  
Bence P. Ölveczky
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Motor Learning ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Thalamic Neurons ◽  
Cortical Input ◽  
Motor Circuits ◽  
Motor Network ◽  
Motor Cortical ◽  
Cortical Inputs

AbstractThe acquisition and execution of learned motor sequences are mediated by a distributed motor network, spanning cortical and subcortical brain areas. The sensorimotor striatum is an important cog in this network, yet how its two main inputs, from motor cortex and thalamus respectively, contribute to its role in motor learning and execution remains largely unknown. To address this, we trained rats in a task that produces highly stereotyped and idiosyncratic motor sequences. We found that motor cortical input to the sensorimotor striatum is critical for the learning process, but after the behaviors were consolidated, this corticostriatal pathway became dispensable. Functional silencing of striatal-projecting thalamic neurons, however, disrupted the execution of the learned motor sequences, causing rats to revert to behaviors produced early in learning and preventing them from re-learning the task. These results show that the sensorimotor striatum is a conduit through which motor cortical inputs can drive experience-dependent changes in subcortical motor circuits, likely at thalamostriatal synapses.

Single Pulse Stimulation of the Human Subthalamic Nucleus Facilitates the Motor Cortex at Short Intervals

2004 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 1937-1943 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ritsuko Hanajima ◽  
Peter Ashby ◽  
Andres M. Lozano ◽  
Anthony E. Lang ◽  
Robert Chen
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Subthalamic Nucleus ◽  
Motor Evoked Potential ◽  
Single Pulse ◽  
Internal Globus Pallidus ◽  
Motor Cortex Excitability ◽  
Motor Cortical ◽  
Stn Dbs ◽  
Pulse Stimulation ◽  
Anterior Posterior

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is an effective treatment for Parkinson's disease (PD). The mechanism is poorly understood. High-frequency STN DBS has been reported to affect motor cortex excitability in a complex way, but the timing between STN stimuli and changes in motor cortical (M1) excitability has not been investigated. We examined the time course of changes in motor cortical excitability following single pulse STN DBS. We studied 14 PD patients with implanted DBS electrodes in the STN, 2 patients with electrodes in internal globus pallidus (GPi), and 1 patient with an electrode in the sensory thalamus. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was delivered to the M1 ipsilateral to the DBS with induced currents either in the anterior-posterior direction in the brain to evoke indirect (I) waves or in the lateral-medial direction to activate corticospinal axons directly. Single pulse stimulation through the DBS contacts preceded the TMS by 0–10 ms. Surface EMG was recorded from the contralateral first dorsal interosseous muscle. Three milliseconds after STN stimulation, the motor evoked potential (MEP) amplitudes produced by anterior-posterior current were significantly larger than control responses, while the responses to lateral-medial currents were unchanged. Similar facilitation also occurred after GPi stimulation, but not with thalamic stimulation. Single pulse STN stimulation facilitates the M1 at short latencies. The possible mechanisms include antidromic excitation of the cortico-STN fibers or transmission through the basal ganglia-thalamocortical pathway.

Excitatory cortical inputs to pallidal neurons via the subthalamic nucleus

1998 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. S175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsushi Nambu ◽  
Hironobu Tokuno ◽  
Ikuma Hamada ◽  
Hitoshi Kita ◽  
Michiko Imanishi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subthalamic Nucleus ◽  
Cortical Inputs

scholarly journals “Distinct roles of dorsal and ventral subthalamic neurons in action selection and cancellation.”

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clayton P. Mosher ◽  
Adam N. Mamelak ◽  
Mahsa Malekmohammadi ◽  
Nader Pouratian ◽  
Ueli Rutishauser
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Subthalamic Nucleus ◽  
Action Selection ◽  
Stop Signal ◽  
Stop Signal Task ◽  
Single Neurons ◽  
Motor Programs ◽  
Behavioral Outcome ◽  
Motor Cortical ◽  
Subthalamic Neurons

AbstractThe subthalamic nucleus (STN) supports action selection by inhibiting all motor programs except the desired one. Recent evidence suggests that STN can also cancel an already selected action when goals change, a key aspect of cognitive control. However, there is little neurophysiological evidence for a dissociation between selecting and cancelling actions in the human STN. We recorded single neurons in the STN of humans performing a stop-signal task. Movement-related neurons suppressed their activity during successful stopping whereas stop-signal neurons activated at low-latencies regardless of behavioral outcome. In contrast, STN and motor-cortical beta-bursting occurred only later in the stopping process. Task-related neuronal properties varied by recording location from dorsolateral movement to ventromedial stop-signal tuning. Therefore, action selection and cancellation coexist in STN but are anatomically segregated. These results show that human ventromedial STN neurons carry fast stop-related signals suitable for implementing cognitive control.

Excitatory Cortical Inputs to Pallidal Neurons Via the Subthalamic Nucleus in the Monkey

2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 289-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsushi Nambu ◽  
Hironobu Tokuno ◽  
Ikuma Hamada ◽  
Hitoshi Kita ◽  
Michiko Imanishi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subthalamic Nucleus ◽  
Cortical Inputs
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