Using television and other mass media to counter the threat of tobacco to women and children

2000 ◽  
pp. 854-856
Author(s):  
M. Palmer ◽  
S. Palmer ◽  
W. Zatoński ◽  
D. Zaridze
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Women And Children

Performance and Control of Tobacco in Chinese Film and Television Dramas

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 5257-5263
Author(s):  
Dai Xiaoya ◽  
He Suliu ◽  
Wang Tingxuan
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Mass Communication ◽  
Second Hand Smoke ◽  
Chinese Film ◽  
Film And Television ◽  
The World ◽  
Tobacco Cultivation ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
The Mass Media ◽  
And Control

Objectives: China is the world's largest country in tobacco cultivation, production, consumption and smokers. The number of smokers accounts for nearly 30% of the total number of smokers in the world. 740 million people are endangered by "second hand smoke", most of them women and children. To ac hieve the goal of healthy China, tobacco control is a very important link. Reducing the number of smokers is an important problem to be solved, and the mass media plays an important role in this problem. Once tobacco is shaped as a positive symbol in mass communication, smoking will become an unhealthy social atmosphere. Then, what kind of image tobacco generally appears in the mass media and what impact it will bring to the society, this paper attempts to explore the tobacco symbols in Chinese film and tel evision dramas as the research object.

scholarly journals Let us teach to discriminate stereotypes sexist on television

Comunicar ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 13 (25) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luisa Torres-Barzabal ◽  
Antonio-Salvador Jiménez-Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Systematic Observation ◽  
Television Network ◽  
The People ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Las Mujeres ◽  
The University ◽  
Medios De Comunicacion ◽  
Sobre Todo

Throughout history sexistas stereotypes are reproduced of generation in generation through the repetition of guidelines of conducts, attitudes and forms to understand the situations that surround to us, establishing these models like adapted so a society them takes, which causes that the women and children are put under the rolls settled down by a androcéntrica culture. This situation has not changed at the present time and the transmission of guidelines and sexistas values is continued harnessing from different scopes, among others by mass media of masses, between which the television not only transmits a culture, but that participates in the creation, offers certain models, power values and devaluates others... it reproduces and creates sexistas stereotypes that discriminate against the woman. The television is so near the daily reality of all the people who we considered also has a quota of responsibility. As a result of being noticing the influence that has the television in our society, we wanted to know the forms and ways in which the sexism is reflected in her. For it we along with made alumnos/as of the subjet «Bases for a nonsexista education» of the University of Huelva during course 2004/2005 a study on the content television in relation to the sexism, once we had treated the basic slight knowledge on the thematic one. The study tried the reflective analysis of the discrimination towards the woman generated by the television. We undertook it through the systematic observation, a made observation of deliberate form, in order to identify sexistas stereotypes and to make a valuation of such. It was made during five weeks, in any television network and mainly type of programs: aids, debates, news, films, cartoons, publicity, etc..., of which, those aspects were extracted that were considered discriminatory towards the woman, they we gathered in a registry of significant facts, customized cards for each observation, offers in the first place the general performances (observer, date, hour, chain of TV and televising space) and next the context of the observation, the description of the incident and the valuation. In this work manifold indifferently discriminatory messages for the woman were identified of the chain or the televising space, and even, the observers declared that previously they had not repaired in them, by being considered an aspect, an attitude, a situation... standardized in our culture, justifying that in many occasions they are transmitting still because of their ignorance. This study has made us become aware and to value the discrimination projected through the television and, therefore, it has taken to us to consider the importance of learning and of teaching to see it, because in the same way that we are educated to develop those capacities that cause that the people can develop in the society, also it is advisable a formation that contributes the attitudes necessary to value of intelligent way the messages expressed in the television and thus being receiving critical and reflexives on the fairness for all the people. A lo largo de la historia se van reproduciendo estereotipos sexistas de generación en generación a través de la repetición de pautas de conductas, actitudes y formas de entender las situaciones que nos rodean, estableciendo dichos modelos como los adecuados para que los tome una sociedad, lo cual hace que las mujeres y niñas estén sometidas a los roles establecidos por una cultura androcéntrica. Esta situación no ha cambiado en la actualidad y la transmisión de pautas y valores sexistas se sigue potenciando desde diferentes ámbitos, entre otros por los medios de comunicación de masas, entre los cuales la televisión no sólo transmite una cultura, sino que participa en la creación, presenta modelos, potencia ciertos valores y devalúa otros..., reproduce y crea estereotipos sexistas que discriminan a la mujer. La televisión es tan cercana a la realidad cotidiana de todas las personas que consideramos tiene también una cuota de responsabilidad. A raíz de ir advirtiendo la influencia que tiene la televisión en nuestra sociedad, quisimos conocer las formas y maneras en que se refleja el sexismo en ella. Para ello realizamos junto con los alumnos/as de la asignatura «Bases para una educación no sexista» de la Universidad de Huelva durante el curso 2004/2005 un estudio sobre el contenido televisivo en relación con el sexismo, una vez habíamos tratado las nociones básicas sobre la temática. El estudio pretendía el análisis reflexivo de la discriminación hacia la mujer generada por la televisión. Lo acometimos a través de la observación sistemática, una observación realizada de forma intencionada, con el propósito de identificar estereotipos sexistas y realizar una valoración de los mismos. Se realizó durante cinco semanas, en cualquier cadena de televisión y sobre todo tipo de programas: concursos, debates, informativos, películas, dibujos animados, publicidad, etc., de los cuales, se extraían aquellos aspectos que eran considerados discriminatorios hacia la mujer, recogiéndolos en un registro de hechos significativos, fichas personalizadas para cada observación, que presenta en primer lugar los datos generales (observador/a, fecha, hora, cadena de TV y espacio televisivo) y a continuación el contexto de la observación, la descripción del incidente y la valoración. En este trabajo se identificaron múltiples mensajes discriminatorios para la mujer indistintamente de la cadena o del espacio televisivo, e incluso, los observadores manifestaban que con anterioridad no habían reparado en ellos, por ser considerado un aspecto, una actitud, una situación... normalizada en nuestra cultura, justificando que en muchas ocasiones se siguen transmitiendo debido a su desconocimiento. Dicho estudio nos ha hecho tomar conciencia y valorar la discriminación proyectada a través de la televisión y, por tanto, nos ha llevado a considerar la importancia de aprender y enseñar a verla, pues del mismo modo que se educa para desarrollar aquellas capacidades que hacen que las personas puedan desenvolverse en la sociedad, también es conveniente una formación que aporte las actitudes necesarias para valorar de manera inteligente los mensajes expresados en la televisión y ser así receptores críticos y reflexivos sobre la equidad para todas las personas.

Iron and Malaria: Absorption, Efficacy and Safety

2010 ◽  
Vol 80 (45) ◽  
pp. 279-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Hurrell
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Systemic Circulation ◽  
Malarial Parasite ◽  
Asymptomatic Malaria ◽  
Iron Supplements ◽  
Fortified Food ◽  
Care Giving ◽  
Single Meal ◽  
Women And Children

Febrile malaria and asymptomatic malaria parasitemia substantially decrease iron absorption in single-meal, stable isotope studies in women and children, but to date there is no evidence of decreased efficacy of iron-fortified foods in malaria-endemic regions. Without inadequate malarial surveillance or health care, giving iron supplements to children in areas of high transmission could increase morbidity and mortality. The most likely explanation is the appearance of non-transferrin-bound iron (NTBI) in the plasma. NTBI forms when the rate of iron influx into the plasma exceeds the rate of iron binding to transferrin. Two studies in women have reported substantially increased NTBI with the ingestion of iron supplements. Our studies confirm this, but found no significant increase in NTBI on consumption of iron-fortified food. It seems likely that the malarial parasite in hepatocytes can utilize NTBI, but it cannot do so in infected erythrocytes. NTBI however may increase the sequestration of parasite-infected erythrocytes in capillaries. Bacteremia is common in children with severe malaria and sequestration in villi capillaries could lead to a breaching of the intestinal barrier, allowing the passage of pathogenic bacteria into the systemic circulation. This is especially important as frequent high iron doses increase the number of pathogens in the intestine at the expense of the barrier bacteria.

Sex Differences in Mass Media Preferences Across Four Asian Countries

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 186-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malini Ratnasingam ◽  
Lee Ellis
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
The United States ◽  
Female Students ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Evolutionary Explanation ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
Media Preferences

Background. Nearly all of the research on sex differences in mass media utilization has been based on samples from the United States and a few other Western countries. Aim. The present study examines sex differences in mass media utilization in four Asian countries (Japan, Malaysia, South Korea, and Singapore). Methods. College students self-reported the frequency with which they accessed the following five mass media outlets: television dramas, televised news and documentaries, music, newspapers and magazines, and the Internet. Results. Two significant sex differences were found when participants from the four countries were considered as a whole: Women watched television dramas more than did men; and in Japan, female students listened to music more than did their male counterparts. Limitations. A wider array of mass media outlets could have been explored. Conclusions. Findings were largely consistent with results from studies conducted elsewhere in the world, particularly regarding sex differences in television drama viewing. A neurohormonal evolutionary explanation is offered for the basic findings.

Between scientists and public: Communicating psychological research through the mass media.

1982 ◽  
Vol 37 (9) ◽  
pp. 985-995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert B. McCall ◽  
S. Holly Stocking
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
The Mass Media
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