The Order of Global- and Local-Level Information Processing: Electrophysiological Evidence for Parallel Perceptual Processes

1994 ◽  
pp. 102-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.-J. Heinze ◽  
Sönke Johannes ◽  
T. F. Münte ◽  
George R. Mangun
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Electrophysiological Evidence ◽  
Level Information ◽  
Global And Local

scholarly journals Differences in global and local level information processing in autism: An fMRI investigation

2013 ◽  
Vol 213 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milind Gadgil ◽  
Eric Peterson ◽  
Jason Tregellas ◽  
Susan Hepburn ◽  
Donald C. Rojas
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Level Information ◽  
Global And Local

Resource access mechanisms in networks and SME survival in Ghana

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 611-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Acheampong ◽  
Raphael Odoom ◽  
Thomas Anning-Dorson ◽  
Patrick Amfo Anim
Keyword(s):  
Census Data ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Directed Network ◽  
Resource Access ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Structural Hole ◽  
One Year ◽  
Global And Local ◽  
Access Mechanisms ◽  
Global Influence

Purpose The study aims to determine the resource access mechanism in inter-firm networks that aids SME survival in Ghana. Design/methodology/approach The authors collect census data on a poultry cluster in Ghana and construct a directed network. The network is used to extract direct and indirect ties both incoming and outgoing, as well as estimate the structural holes of the actors. These variables are used to estimate for survival of SMEs after a one-year period using a binary logit model. Findings The study finds that out-indirect ties and structural hole have a significant influence on SME survival. This works through the global influence and the vision advantage that these positions and ties offer the SMEs. Originality/value The study offers SMEs a choice of whom to collaborate with for information (resources) in the form of outgoing and incoming ties at both the global and local level.

scholarly journals Assessing the use and understanding of the Portuguese Heat–Health Warning System (ÍCARO)

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Leite ◽  
A J Santos ◽  
S Silva ◽  
B Nunes ◽  
R Mexia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Local Level ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Action Plans ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Health Warning ◽  
Key Stakeholders ◽  
Level Information ◽  
Health Action ◽  
Mortality Forecasts ◽  
Related Mortality

Abstract Background Heatwaves can lead to increased mortality. Portugal has a Heat-Health Warning System (HHWS) in place (ÍCARO system). Researchers at the Instituto Ricardo Jorge send a daily report with heat-related mortality forecasts to key stakeholders (e.g. Heat-Health Action Plans (HHAP) staff). HHAP practitioners issue warnings and implement measures to prevent heatwaves-related mortality. ICARO is amongst the recommended data sources to assess risk and issue warnings but its use and understanding is unknown. Therefore, we aimed to assess ÍCARO’s use and understanding by key HHAP practitioners. Methods We conducted semi-structured interviews with national and regional HHAP practitioners. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analysed using thematic content analysis. Intercoder reliability was applied to a sample of segments from 5 of 6 interviews. Results We conducted 6 interviews with 9 professionals (mean time 52 minutes). We identified 4 categories: Report’s content and presentation, Report’s reception and communication, ÍCARO and risk assessment, Other issues. Practitioners use ÍCARO and perceived it as very relevant tool. However, they mentioned several questions on its interpretation. Practitioners also felt their questions were not fully answered, given researchers’ use of statistical terms. Finally, practitioners referred the need to assess risk at the local level, information not currently provided. We also identified the need for improved communication and report’s clarity. Conclusions Our study stresses the need for an integrated collaboration between experts within HHWS and HHAP. Despite ICARO’s understanding being challenging, practitioners consider it a relevant tool. Researchers should use less statistical language and clarify ÍCARO interpretation. Practitioners’ needs should be considered when developing or revising tools. We are currently implementing some of these recommendations in an attempt to close the gap between researchers and practitioners. Key messages Portuguese Heat–Health Action Plans practitioners use heat-related mortality forecasts (ICARO) and perceived it as very relevant instrument. However there find ICARO’s interpretation challenging. Portuguese Heat/Health Action Plans Practitioners’ needs should be considered when revising or developing tools, and notes should be added to clarify statistical/technical concepts.

scholarly journals The Cognitive Lens: a primer on conceptual tools for analysing information processing in developmental and regenerative morphogenesis

2019 ◽  
Vol 374 (1774) ◽  
pp. 20180369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santosh Manicka ◽  
Michael Levin
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Biological Information ◽  
Neural Cells ◽  
Cognitive Architectures ◽  
Least Action ◽  
Mechanistic Investigation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Level Information ◽  
Scale Integration

Brains exhibit plasticity, multi-scale integration of information, computation and memory, having evolved by specialization of non-neural cells that already possessed many of the same molecular components and functions. The emerging field of basal cognition provides many examples of decision-making throughout a wide range of non-neural systems. How can biological information processing across scales of size and complexity be quantitatively characterized and exploited in biomedical settings? We use pattern regulation as a context in which to introduce the Cognitive Lens—a strategy using well-established concepts from cognitive and computer science to complement mechanistic investigation in biology. To facilitate the assimilation and application of these approaches across biology, we review tools from various quantitative disciplines, including dynamical systems, information theory and least-action principles. We propose that these tools can be extended beyond neural settings to predict and control systems-level outcomes, and to understand biological patterning as a form of primitive cognition. We hypothesize that a cognitive-level information-processing view of the functions of living systems can complement reductive perspectives, improving efficient top-down control of organism-level outcomes. Exploration of the deep parallels across diverse quantitative paradigms will drive integrative advances in evolutionary biology, regenerative medicine, synthetic bioengineering, cognitive neuroscience and artificial intelligence. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Liquid brains, solid brains: How distributed cognitive architectures process information’.

Processing of global and local information in memory

1989 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rino Rumiati ◽  
Roberto Nicoletti ◽  
Remo Job
Keyword(s):  
Local Level ◽  
Memory System ◽  
Local Information ◽  
Global Information ◽  
Global Level ◽  
Capital Letter ◽  
Global And Local

The experiments reported in this paper were designed to test how global and local information are processed by the memory system. When subjects are required to match a given letter with either a previously presented large capital letter or the small capital letters comprising it, (1) responses to the global level (i.e. the big letter) are faster than responses to the local level (i.e. the small letters), and (2) responses to the latter level only are affected by the consistency between the large and the small letters (Experiment 2), a pattern similar to that obtained in perception (Experiment 1). Such results obtain when subjects are required to attend to only one level with a short ISI between the first and second stimulus, but not when a longer ISI is used (Experiment 5) or when subjects are required to attend to both levels at the same time (Experiments 3 and 4). The results are discussed in the light of a model that postulates a temporal precedence of the global information over the local one at the perceptual level.

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