Segmental Duration and Speech Timing

1997 ◽  
pp. 225-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan P. H. van Santen
Keyword(s):  
Speech Timing

Speech timing and pausing in children with specific language impairment

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan B. Smith ◽  
Nancy E. Hall ◽  
Xiaomei Tan ◽  
Katharine Farrell
Keyword(s):  
Language Impairment ◽  
Specific Language Impairment ◽  
Specific Language ◽  
Speech Timing

scholarly journals The Effect of IP Constituent Position and Foot Complexity on Timing in Polish Learner's English Pronunciation

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 149-162
Author(s):  
Andrzej Porzuczek
Keyword(s):  
Stress Distribution ◽  
The Other ◽  
Speech Timing ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
British School ◽  
English Pronunciation ◽  
Native Speech ◽  
As Stress

This paper focuses on the effect of prominence level and stress distribution on timing in read English speech of Polish learners. We have measured and analysed the length of IP units distinguished by the traditional British School prosodic description, i.e. preheads, heads and nuclei, as well as stress feet, further divided into stressed and unstressed syllables. A comparison of native and Polish learners' performance shows similar durations of stressed and pitch accented syllables. The unstressed syllables and syllable clusters, on the other hand, are significantly longer in non-native speech, and the discrepancies increase at lower phrasal prominence levels, especially in the preheads. Similar results for both groups have been obtained with respect to the number of consecutive unstressed syllables (foot complexity). The same test repeated after seven months of pronunciation training reveals a considerable tendency towards native speech timing, although the differences concerning low prominence levels remain significant.

scholarly journals Audio-Visual Speech Timing Sensitivity Is Enhanced in Cluttered Conditions

PLoS ONE ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. e18309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Warrick Roseboom ◽  
Shin'ya Nishida ◽  
Waka Fujisaki ◽  
Derek H. Arnold
Keyword(s):  
Visual Speech ◽  
Speech Timing ◽  
Timing Sensitivity

Comparisons of spectrographic and computer‐based measurements of speech timing characteristics

1985 ◽  
Vol 77 (S1) ◽  
pp. S53-S53
Author(s):  
Bruce L. Smith ◽  
James Hillenbrand ◽  
Dennis R. Ingrisano
Keyword(s):  
Speech Timing ◽  
Computer Based

scholarly journals Duration and speed of speech events: A selection of methods

2015 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-83
Author(s):  
Dafydd Gibbon ◽  
Katarzyna Klessa ◽  
Jolanta Bachan
Keyword(s):  
Software Tool ◽  
Worked Examples ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Speech Technology ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Language Typology ◽  
Cart Analysis ◽  
Speech Timing ◽  
Speech Events ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractThe study of speech timing, i.e. the duration and speed or tempo of speech events, has increased in importance over the past twenty years, in particular in connection with increased demands for accuracy, intelligibility and naturalness in speech technology, with applications in language teaching and testing, and with the study of speech timing patterns in language typology. H owever, the methods used in such studies are very diverse, and so far there is no accessible overview of these methods. Since the field is too broad for us to provide an exhaustive account, we have made two choices: first, to provide a framework of paradigmatic (classificatory), syntagmatic (compositional) and functional (discourse-oriented) dimensions for duration analysis; and second, to provide worked examples of a selection of methods associated primarily with these three dimensions. Some of the methods which are covered are established state-of-the-art approaches (e.g. the paradigmatic Classification and Regression Trees, CART , analysis), others are discussed in a critical light (e.g. so-called ‘rhythm metrics’). A set of syntagmatic approaches applies to the tokenisation and tree parsing of duration hierarchies, based on speech annotations, and a functional approach describes duration distributions with sociolinguistic variables. Several of the methods are supported by a new web-based software tool for analysing annotated speech data, the Time Group Analyser.

scholarly journals Timing in talking: what is it used for, and how is it controlled?

2014 ◽  
Vol 369 (1658) ◽  
pp. 20130395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Turk ◽  
Stefanie Shattuck-Hufnagel
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Control ◽  
Motor Control ◽  
Control Theory ◽  
Speech Production ◽  
Optimal Control Theory ◽  
Interval Duration ◽  
Timing Control ◽  
Speech Timing ◽  
Rate Of Speech ◽  
Prosodic Structures

In the first part of the paper, we summarize the linguistic factors that shape speech timing patterns, including the prosodic structures which govern them, and suggest that speech timing patterns are used to aid utterance recognition. In the spirit of optimal control theory, we propose that recognition requirements are balanced against requirements such as rate of speech and style, as well as movement costs, to yield (near-)optimal planned surface timing patterns; additional factors may influence the implementation of that plan. In the second part of the paper, we discuss theories of timing control in models of speech production and motor control. We present three types of evidence that support models of speech production that involve extrinsic timing. These include (i) increasing variability with increases in interval duration, (ii) evidence that speakers refer to and plan surface durations, and (iii) independent timing of movement onsets and offsets.

The prosodic governance of surface phonetic variation: Support for an alternative approach III

Speech Timing ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 132-145
Author(s):  
Alice Turk ◽  
Stefanie Shattuck-Hufnagel
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Speech Rate ◽  
Speech Motor Control ◽  
Prosodic Structure ◽  
Phonetic Variation ◽  
Speech Timing ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Adjustment Mechanisms ◽  
Speech Motor

Effects of prosodic structure on surface phonetics are modeled in AP/TD in two ways: 1) via a set of PI and MuT adjustment mechanisms used to model lengthening effects at boundaries and on prominent syllables, and 2) via a hierarchy of coupled syllable, cross-word foot, and phrase oscillators, used to model poly-subconstituent shortening effects, and to control overall speech rate. These mechanisms are challenged by 1) findings presented in previous chapters that suggest that longer durations associated with boundaries and prominences are due to longer surface duration specifications, 2) findings presented here that show that polysyllabic shortening does not affect all words in an utterance, inconsistent with an oscillator-based mechanism that controls all aspects of any produced utterance, and 3) findings relating to speech rate presented in previous chapters which suggest that speech rate specifications relate to surface durations, rather than to planning oscillator frequencies. Patterns of speech timing presented in this chapter thus suggest that there are reasons to be uncertain whether periodicity is a major factor in speech motor control in typical speaking circumstances, and therefore call into question the use of suprasegmental oscillators.

Articulatory Phonology/Task Dynamics

Speech Timing ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 8-48
Author(s):  
Alice Turk ◽  
Stefanie Shattuck-Hufnagel
Keyword(s):  
Speech Rate ◽  
Systematic Variation ◽  
Articulatory Phonology ◽  
Timing Control ◽  
Speech Timing ◽  
Articulatory Movement ◽  
Key Features

This chapter summarizes the basic mechanisms of the Articulatory Phonology model, currently the most thoroughly worked-out model in the literature, with a focus on its system-intrinsic mechanisms used to account for systematic variation in speech timing. Key features of the model are reviewed, and oscillator-based mechanisms are described for timing control for articulatory gestures, control of inter-gestural coordination, prosodic timing control, and the control of overall speech rate. Strengths of the AP/TD approach are discussed, which include facts that are well-accounted-for within this model, such as the predominance of CV syllables within the world’s languages, as well as characteristics of processing within the model that are assumed to be advantageous, such as the avoidance of the need to explicitly plan the details of articulatory movement when planning an utterance. This presentation forms the basis of the evaluation presented in subsequent chapters.

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