systematic variation
Recently Published Documents


TOTAL DOCUMENTS

400
(FIVE YEARS 61)

H-INDEX

47
(FIVE YEARS 4)

Author(s):  
Kelsey M. Kean ◽  
Stefanie A. Baril ◽  
Kelsey N. Lamb ◽  
Sarah N. Dishman ◽  
Joseph W. Treacy ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Natalie Masuoka ◽  
Christian Grose ◽  
Jane Junn

AbstractPublic airing of incidents of sexual harassment have moved abuse from the shadows to the light, spurring mass response in the form of #MeToo and “Time’s Up.” While sexual harassment holds negative valence, election outcomes suggest that not all voters punish leaders accused of harassment. We argue there is systematic variation in how voters respond to candidates accused of harassment because evaluations are made within the context of both partisanship and the gendered issue of sexual harassment. As a result, we expect to find distinct responses across four voter groups—Democratic women and men, and Republican women and men on the specific issue of harassment. We present supporting evidence from two survey experiments and a third associational study to show that Democratic women are most likely to electorally punish sexual harassers. Experimental evidence also shows that Republican men are least likely to electorally punish candidates accused of harassment.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann-Christin Bächmann ◽  
Corinna Kleinert ◽  
Kathrin Leuze

We analyse whether gender differences in individual job tasks explain part of the gender pay gap between and within occupations. Theoretically, we combine the economic task-based approach with sociological considerations of gender essentialism and male primacy to discuss systematic variation in the demand for and remuneration of job tasks. Results of hybrid models and Blinder-Oaxaca decompositions reveal that women perform lower-paid job tasks more often than men do, which contributes to the gender pay gap between and within occupations. However, not all tasks performed by women pay less, pointing towards an interdependence between skill-biased technological change and gender-essentialist task selection.


Languages ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 168
Author(s):  
Anne L. Beatty-Martínez ◽  
Debra A. Titone

Increasing evidence suggests that bilingualism does not, in itself, result in a particular pattern of response, revealing instead a complex and multidimensional construct that is shaped by evolutionary and ecological sources of variability. Despite growing recognition of the need for a richer characterization of bilingual speakers and of the different contexts of language use, we understand relatively little about the boundary conditions of putative “bilingualism” effects. Here, we review recent findings that demonstrate how variability in the language experiences of bilingual speakers, and also in the ability of bilingual speakers to adapt to the distinct demands of different interactional contexts, impact interactions between language use, language processing, and cognitive control processes generally. Given these findings, our position is that systematic variation in bilingual language experience gives rise to a variety of phenotypes that have different patterns of associations across language processing and cognitive outcomes. The goal of this paper is thus to illustrate how focusing on systematic variation through the identification of bilingual phenotypes can provide crucial insights into a variety of performance patterns, in a manner that has implications for previous and future research.


2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (18) ◽  
pp. R1095-R1097
Author(s):  
Haleigh N. Mulholland ◽  
Gordon B. Smith

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 628
Author(s):  
Martin Drechsler

Conservation offsets are increasingly used as an instrument to conserve biodiversity and ecosystem services on private lands. Bundling ecosystem services (ES) in the market transactions saves costs but implies that only the bundle of ES is conserved while individual ES may decline. This paper presents a simple model analysis of a conservation offset scheme to identify conditions under which bundling can lead to such undesired declines. As it turns out, these are favoured by rarity of the ES as well as a positive correlation between their abundance and the cost of their conservation. A market rule is proposed that is able to avert undesired ES declines. Rather than on sums or means of ES, this market rule focuses on the least abundant ES. Systematic variation of model parameters shows that this trading rule is most effective in those cases where the likelihood of undesired ES losses is highest.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document