History of Evaporative Cooling

Author(s):  
John R. Watt
Author(s):  
Ramesh P ◽  
Deepak Balaji V ◽  
Ganesh Kumar R ◽  
Aakash Sundar S

The Evolution of automotive air conditioning was a remarkable milestone in the history of mankind. It has played an important role in human comfort and to some extent in human safety during vehicle driving in varied atmospheric conditions. Present work focuses on providing comfort conditioning of a tractor cab which is a key factor in ensuring optimum working performance of the driver. A closed tractor cab acts like a greenhouse and its interior could become unbearable and sometimes even dangerous. Conventionally, vapour compression refrigeration systems are the standard for air conditioning in automobiles and account for up to 25 % of fuel consumption in the cooling season. Apart from conventional vapour compression technology, the work explores applicability of evaporative cooling in comfort conditioning of a tractor cabin which is an economical and eco-friendly alternative. The results procured are positive lower cabin temperature close to acceptable limit with less than 10 % of energy consumption compared to vapour-compression units when tested under similar hot-dry conditions.


1959 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 51-79
Author(s):  
K. Edwards

During the last twenty or twenty-five years medieval historians have been much interested in the composition of the English episcopate. A number of studies of it have been published on periods ranging from the eleventh to the fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries. A further paper might well seem superfluous. My reason for offering one is that most previous writers have concentrated on analysing the professional circles from which the bishops were drawn, and suggesting the influences which their early careers as royal clerks, university masters and students, secular or regular clergy, may have had on their later work as bishops. They have shown comparatively little interest in their social background and provenance, except for those bishops who belonged to magnate families. Some years ago, when working on the political activities of Edward II's bishops, it seemed to me that social origins, family connexions and provenance might in a number of cases have had at least as much influence on a bishop's attitude to politics as his early career. I there fore collected information about the origins and provenance of these bishops. I now think that a rather more careful and complete study of this subject might throw further light not only on the political history of the reign, but on other problems connected with the character and work of the English episcopate. There is a general impression that in England in the later middle ages the bishops' ties with their dioceses were becoming less close, and that they were normally spending less time in diocesan work than their predecessors in the thirteenth century.


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