Use of Cr K-Beta X-Rays and Position Sensitive Detector for Residual Stress Measurement in Stainless Steel Pipe

1979 ◽  
pp. 247-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. O. Ruud ◽  
C. S. Barrett
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Stress Measurement ◽  
Residual Stress Measurement ◽  
Position Sensitive Detector ◽  
Steel Pipe ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Sensitive Detector ◽  
Stainless Steel Pipe ◽  
Position Sensitive

Use of Cr K-Beta X-Rays and Position Sensitive Detector for Residual Stress Measurement in Stainless Steel Pipe

1978 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 247-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. O. Ruud ◽  
C. S. Barrett
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Stress Measurement ◽  
Steel Pipe ◽  
X Rays ◽  
University Of Denver ◽  
Stainless Steel Pipe ◽  
Position Sensitive ◽  
The University ◽  
Research Institute

Residual stresses on the inner surface of stainless steel pipe used in nuclear reactors are of exceptional importance. Apparatus for measuring these in situ, in welded lengths of 10-inch diameter austenitic (304) stainless pipe has been developed at the University of Denver Research Institute under the sponsorship of the Electric Power Research Institute.

Stress Measurement in Stainless Steel by use of Monochromatic Cr-Kβ X-Rays and a Position Sensitive Detector

1980 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 167-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuo Yoshioka ◽  
Ken-ichi Hasegawa ◽  
Koh-ichi Mochiki
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Stress Measurement ◽  
Diffraction Peak ◽  
X Rays ◽  
High Contrast ◽  
Sensitive Detector ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Position Sensitive ◽  
Martensite Structure

X-ray stress analysis in austenltic stainless steel is generally carried out on the ϒFe(311) diffraction line produced by Cr- Kβ X-rays. However, it is often pointed out that not much reliance can be placed on the precision of the stress because the contrast between a diffraction peak and its background is poor. In addition, to measure the stress is sometimes impossible on a specimen which has martensite structure produced by thes train induced transformation, because the ϒFe(211) line appears in the neighborhood of the desired ϒFe(311) line, since Cr-K6 X-rays accompany Cr-Ka from a conventional X-ray source. If Cr-Ka X-rays can be eliminated and only Cr-KB X-rays directed on the specimen, only the λe(311) line with high contrast will be obtained and one can expect to measure the residual stress with high precision.

Application of a Position Sensitive Scintillation Detector for Nondestructive Residual Stress Measurements Inside Stainless Steel Piping

1982 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 233-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.O. Ruud ◽  
P.S. DiMascio ◽  
D.M. Melcher
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Stress Measurement ◽  
Residual Stress Measurement ◽  
Intergranular Stress Corrosion ◽  
Stress Measurements ◽  
Absolute Residual ◽  
Position Sensitive ◽  
Water Reactors ◽  
Steel Piping

As early as 1974 cracking was observed in the austenitic stainless steel piping systems of several Boiling Water Reactors [1,2]. Failure analysis indicated that the cracks developed through intergranular stress-corrosion cracking and an active interest in residual stress measurement methodologies developed. This paper describes the procedures and demonstration testing employed to provide absolute residual stress measurement, nondestructively, on the inside surface of pipe specimens. A Ruud-Barrett position sensitive detector (PSSD)* was used to build an EPRI pipe stress analyzer which was developed for these residual stress measurements [3,4].

Analysis of Eddy-Current Measurement System for Residual Stress Assessment in Stainless Steel Grade 304

2015 ◽  
Vol 659 ◽  
pp. 623-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cherdpong Jomdecha ◽  
Isaratat Phung-On
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Eddy Current ◽  
Measurement System ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Stress Measurement ◽  
Steel Grade ◽  
Current Measurement ◽  
Residual Stress Measurement ◽  
Stress Assessment

The objective of this paper is an analysis of statistical discreteness and measurement capability of an eddy-current measurement system for residual stress assessment in stainless steel Grade 304 (SS304). Cylindrical specimens with 50 mm in diameter and 12 mm thickness were prepared to generate residual stress by Resistance Spot Welding at which the welding currents were set at 12, 14, and 16 kA. The eddy-current measurement system was including a probe with frequency range of 0.1 to 3 MHz and an eddy current flaw detector. They were performed by contacting the probe on the specimen. The measurements were performed particularly in the vicinity of heat affected zone (HAZ). In order to determine the results of the residual stress measurement, the calibration curves between static tensile stress and eddy current impedance at various frequencies were accomplished. The Measurement System Analysis (MSA) was utilized to evaluate the changed eddy-current probe impedance from residual stress. The results showed that using eddy current technique at 1 MHz for residual stress measurement was the most efficient. It can be achieved the Gauge Repeatability & Reproducibility %GR&R at 16.61479 and Number of Distinct Categories (NDC) at 8. As applied on actual butt welded joint, it could yield the uncertainty of ± 58 MPa at 95 % (UISO).

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