Application of a Position Sensitive Scintillation Detector for Nondestructive Residual Stress Measurements Inside Stainless Steel Piping

1982 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 233-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.O. Ruud ◽  
P.S. DiMascio ◽  
D.M. Melcher
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Stress Measurement ◽  
Residual Stress Measurement ◽  
Intergranular Stress Corrosion ◽  
Stress Measurements ◽  
Absolute Residual ◽  
Position Sensitive ◽  
Water Reactors ◽  
Steel Piping

As early as 1974 cracking was observed in the austenitic stainless steel piping systems of several Boiling Water Reactors [1,2]. Failure analysis indicated that the cracks developed through intergranular stress-corrosion cracking and an active interest in residual stress measurement methodologies developed. This paper describes the procedures and demonstration testing employed to provide absolute residual stress measurement, nondestructively, on the inside surface of pipe specimens. A Ruud-Barrett position sensitive detector (PSSD)* was used to build an EPRI pipe stress analyzer which was developed for these residual stress measurements [3,4].

Analysis of Eddy-Current Measurement System for Residual Stress Assessment in Stainless Steel Grade 304

2015 ◽  
Vol 659 ◽  
pp. 623-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cherdpong Jomdecha ◽  
Isaratat Phung-On
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Eddy Current ◽  
Measurement System ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Stress Measurement ◽  
Steel Grade ◽  
Current Measurement ◽  
Residual Stress Measurement ◽  
Stress Assessment

The objective of this paper is an analysis of statistical discreteness and measurement capability of an eddy-current measurement system for residual stress assessment in stainless steel Grade 304 (SS304). Cylindrical specimens with 50 mm in diameter and 12 mm thickness were prepared to generate residual stress by Resistance Spot Welding at which the welding currents were set at 12, 14, and 16 kA. The eddy-current measurement system was including a probe with frequency range of 0.1 to 3 MHz and an eddy current flaw detector. They were performed by contacting the probe on the specimen. The measurements were performed particularly in the vicinity of heat affected zone (HAZ). In order to determine the results of the residual stress measurement, the calibration curves between static tensile stress and eddy current impedance at various frequencies were accomplished. The Measurement System Analysis (MSA) was utilized to evaluate the changed eddy-current probe impedance from residual stress. The results showed that using eddy current technique at 1 MHz for residual stress measurement was the most efficient. It can be achieved the Gauge Repeatability & Reproducibility %GR&R at 16.61479 and Number of Distinct Categories (NDC) at 8. As applied on actual butt welded joint, it could yield the uncertainty of ± 58 MPa at 95 % (UISO).

Curvature-based residual stress measurement for ion-implanted stainless-steel sheet

Vacuum ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Q Wang ◽  
H Ishikawa ◽  
S Nakano ◽  
H Ogiso ◽  
J Akedo
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Steel Sheet ◽  
Stress Measurement ◽  
Residual Stress Measurement ◽  
Stainless Steel Sheet ◽  
Ion Implanted

Residual stress measurement of laser-clad stainless steel coupons

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Bendeich ◽  
Caroline Curfs ◽  
Oliver Kirstein ◽  
Gerard Atkinson ◽  
Ron Rogge
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Stress Measurement ◽  
Residual Stress Measurement

Experimental Methods for Determination of Precision and Estimation of Accuracy in XRD Residual Stress Measurement

1986 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 511-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.O. Ruud ◽  
D.J. Snoha ◽  
D.P. Ivkovich
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Stress Measurement ◽  
Measurement Procedure ◽  
Residual Stress Measurement ◽  
Bragg Angle ◽  
Powdered Sample ◽  
Total Uncertainty ◽  
Stress Measurements ◽  
Acceptable Method ◽  
Precision And Accuracy

AbstractIt is important to establish precision and accuracy of an X-ray diffraction (XRD) residual stress measurement procedure in order to compare capabilities of instrumentation and techniques, as well as to provide confidence limits for experimental data. There is no broadly acceptable method for establishment of precision and accuracy. This paper describes a proposed approach and one which is used at The Pennsylvania State University.One impediment to the measurement of precision and accuracy is that no standard specimen with a known residual stress level is available. Proposed standard specimens have been abandoned for various reasons, including the concern for stability of the original stress condition and the existence of stress gradients, i.e., stress inhomogeneity, in the specimens. However, there is one type of specimen which has been accepted by ASTM as an alignment and zero residual stress confirmation standard. That type of specimen is a powdered sample of metal or ceramic which provides XRD peaks in the vicinity of the Bragg angle in which residual stress measurements are to be performed.Some researchers tend to report detector counting statistics as the uncertainty of stress measurement but such statistical scatter accounts for only one part of uncertainty in precision and accuracy. The total uncertainty is best determined directly through repeated residual stress measurements performed by removal and readdressing the test specimen or through a repetition of measurements under predictably changing conditions. This paper describes results from the use of powder specimens to establish the repeatability of measurements with a portable instrument after removal and readdressing of the specimens. Also, results showing the uncertainty of the measured stress change in specimens subjected to known loads are discussed.

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