Visuomotor Integration

Following destruction or deafferentation of primary visual cortex (area V1, striate cortex), clinical blindness ensues, but residual visual functions may, nevertheless, persist without perceptual consciousness (a condition termed blindsight). The study of patients with such lesions thus offers a unique opportunity to investigate what visual capacities are mediated by the extrastriate pathways that bypass V1. Here we provide evidence for a crucial role of the collicular–extrastriate pathway in nonconscious visuomotor integration by showing that, in the absence of V1, the superior colliculus (SC) is essential to translate visual signals that cannot be consciously perceived into motor outputs. We found that a gray stimulus presented in the blind field of a patient with unilateral V1 loss, although not consciously seen, can influence his behavioral and pupillary responses to consciously perceived stimuli in the intact field (implicit bilateral summation). Notably, this effect was accompanied by selective activations in the SC and in occipito-temporal extrastriate areas. However, when instead of gray stimuli we presented purple stimuli, which predominantly draw on S-cones and are thus invisible to the SC, any evidence of implicit visuomotor integration disappeared and activations in the SC dropped significantly. The present findings show that the SC acts as an interface between sensory and motor processing in the human brain, thereby providing a contribution to visually guided behavior that may remain functionally and anatomically segregated from the geniculo-striate pathway and entirely outside conscious visual experience.

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High-Tech Eyes

Mechanical Engineering ◽

10.1115/1.2017-mar-2 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 139 (03) ◽

pp. 36-41

Author(s):

John Kosowatz

Keyword(s):

Visually Impaired ◽

High Tech ◽

Visuomotor Integration ◽

Computing Power ◽

Daily Routines ◽

Visually Impaired People ◽

Detection Software ◽

Tactile Navigation ◽

The Temple ◽

Outer Garment

This article provides an overview of high-tech sensors, visual detection software, and mobile computing power applications, which are being developed to enable visually impaired people to navigate. By adapting technology developed for robots, automobiles, and other products, researchers and developers are creating wearable devices that can aid the visually impaired as they navigate through their daily routines—even identifying people and places. The Eyeronman system, developed by NYU’s Visuomotor Integration Laboratory and Tactile Navigation Tools, combines a sensor-laden outer garment or belt with a vest studded with vibrating actuators. The sensors detect objects in the immediate environment and relay their locations via buzzes on the wearer's torso. OrCam’s, a computer vision company in Jerusalem, team of programmers, computer engineers, and hardware designers have developed MyEye device, which attaches to the temple of a pair of eyeglasses. The device instructs the user on how to store items in memory, including things such as credit cards and faces of friends and family.

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Visuomotor integration is associated with zero time-lag synchronization among cortical areas

Nature ◽

10.1038/385157a0 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 385 (6612) ◽

pp. 157-161 ◽

Cited By ~ 741

Author(s):

Pieter R. Roelfsema ◽

Andreas K. Engel ◽

Peter König ◽

Wolf Singer

Keyword(s):

Time Lag ◽

Lag Synchronization ◽

Visuomotor Integration ◽

Cortical Areas ◽

Zero Time

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Identification of a distinct association fiber tract “IPS-FG” to connect the intraparietal sulcus areas and fusiform gyrus by white matter dissection and tractography

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-72471-z ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Tatsuya Jitsuishi ◽

Atsushi Yamaguchi

Keyword(s):

White Matter ◽

Posterior Parietal Cortex ◽

Structural Connectivity ◽

Temporal Cortex ◽

Fusiform Gyrus ◽

Intraparietal Sulcus ◽

Visuomotor Integration ◽

Fiber Tract ◽

Fiber Tracts ◽

Human Connectome Project

Abstract The intraparietal sulcus (IPS) in the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) is well-known as an interface for sensorimotor integration in visually guided actions. However, our understanding of the human neural network between the IPS and the cortical visual areas has been devoid of anatomical specificity. We here identified a distinctive association fiber tract “IPS-FG” to connect the IPS areas and the fusiform gyrus (FG), a high-level visual region, by white matter dissection and tractography. The major fiber bundles of this tract appeared to arise from the medial bank of IPS, in the superior parietal lobule (SPL), and project to the FG on the ventral temporal cortex (VTC) in post-mortem brains. This tract courses vertically at the temporo-parieto-occipital (TPO) junction where several fiber tracts intersect to connect the dorsal-to-ventral cortical regions, including the vertical occipital fasciculus (VOF). We then analyzed the structural connectivity of this tract with diffusion-MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) tractography. The quantitative tractography analysis revealed the major streamlines of IPS-FG interconnect the posterior IPS areas (e.g., IP1, IPS1) with FG (e.g., TF, FFC, VVC, PHA2, PIT) on the Human Connectome Project multimodal parcellation atlas (HCP MMP 1.0). Since the fronto-parietal network, including the posterior IPS areas, is recruited by multiple cognitive demands, the IPS-FG could play a role in the visuomotor integration as well as the top-down modulation of various cognitive functions reciprocally.

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Inferior Parietal Lobule Function in Spatial Perception and Visuomotor Integration

Comprehensive Physiology ◽

10.1002/cphy.cp010512 ◽

2011 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Richard A. Andersen

Keyword(s):

Spatial Perception ◽

Inferior Parietal Lobule ◽

Visuomotor Integration ◽

Parietal Lobule

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The Effect of Graded Craft Activities on Visuomotor Integration in an Inpatient Child Psychiatry Population

American Journal of Occupational Therapy ◽

10.5014/ajot.45.4.324 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 45 (4) ◽

pp. 324-330 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

B. L. Kleinman ◽

A. Stalcup

Keyword(s):

Child Psychiatry ◽

Visuomotor Integration

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Unique contributions of attentional control and visuomotor integration on concurrent teacher-reported classroom functioning in early elementary students

Early Childhood Research Quarterly ◽

10.1016/j.ecresq.2016.01.018 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 36 ◽

pp. 379-390 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Helyn Kim ◽

Anthony I. Byers ◽

Claire E. Cameron ◽

Laura L. Brock ◽

Elizabeth A. Cottone ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Elementary Students ◽

Attentional Control ◽

Early Elementary ◽

Visuomotor Integration

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Presurgical neuropsychological and behavioral evaluation of children with posterior fossa tumors

Journal of Neurosurgery Pediatrics ◽

10.3171/2011.8.peds11223 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 8 (6) ◽

pp. 548-553 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Maria Varela ◽

Magda Liakopoulou ◽

George A. Alexiou ◽

Dimitra Pitsouni ◽

Giorgos A. Alevizopoulos

Keyword(s):

Posterior Fossa ◽

Visual Memory ◽

Child Behavior Checklist ◽

Short Form ◽

Tumor Location ◽

Control Group ◽

Posterior Fossa Tumors ◽

Behavioral Impairment ◽

Visuomotor Integration ◽

Significant Difference

Object Brain tumors are associated with behavioral and neuropsychological effects. Most available data are focused on the posttreatment neurological and cognitive deficits of these patients. The aim of the present study was to investigate the pretreatment neuropsychological and behavioral impairment in children with posterior fossa tumors. Methods The authors studied 24 children with posterior fossa tumors who were between 4 and 15 years of age, and who were surgically treated at the authors' institute. During the period prior to the tumor excision, neuropsychological and behavioral assessments were performed. A control group of age-matched children was also studied. The children's executive functions were assessed using the short form of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC). For the assessment of visuospatial functions, spatial memory, and visuomotor integration skills, the Bender-Gestalt Test (BGT) was used. For assessment of the visual perception and visual memory, the authors used the Benton Visual Retention Test (BVRT). Furthermore, parents or caregivers completed the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Results The WISC revealed no significant difference between patients and the control group. The CBCL revealed significant somatic concerns compared with the measure's norms. Furthermore, the patients differed in aggressiveness, somatic concerns, anxiety symptoms, internalizing of problems, and total problems. In the BGT and the BVRT results, no significant difference was observed between patients and the control group. Furthermore, no significant correlation was found between neuropsychological scores and sex, age at diagnosis, histological diagnosis, presence of hydrocephalus, degree of hydrocephalus, tumor size, and tumor location. Conclusions Children with posterior fossa tumors suffer more frequently from somatic concerns, aggressiveness, anxiety, and internalizing disorders compared with controls. No difference was found with respect to intelligence scores.

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