Causes and Reasons in Failures to Perceive Fearful Faces

Conscious access to fear-relevant information is mediated by thresholdThe present report proposed a model of access consciousness to fear-relevant information according to which there is a threshold for emotional perception beyond that the subject makes hits with no false alarm. The model was examined by having the participants performed a confidence-ratings masking task with fearful faces. Measures of the thresholds for conscious access were taken by looking at the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves generated from a three-state low- and high-threshold (3-LHT) model by Krantz. Indeed, the analysis of the masking data revealed that the ROCs had threshold-like-nature (a two-limb shape) rather continuous (a curvilinear shape) challenging in this fashion the classical signal-detection view on perceptual processing. Moreover, the threshold ROC curve exhibited the specific y-intercepts relevant to conscious access performance. The study suggests that the threshold can be an intrinsic property of conscious access, mediating emotional contents between perceptual states and consciousness.

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Aff_Faces

10.31234/osf.io/kdsu4 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Luiz G Gawryszewski ◽

Mikael Cavallet

Keyword(s):

Compatibility Effect ◽

Negative Stimulus ◽

Positive Stimulus ◽

Spatial Compatibility ◽

Affective Valence ◽

Task Set ◽

Affective Stimuli ◽

Fearful Faces ◽

Approach Avoidance ◽

Avoidance Reactions

Conde et al (2011) reported a modulation of the spatial compatibility effect by the affective valence of soccer team figures. For Favorite team, it was faster to respond by pressing the key located on the stimulus side than the opposite key (ipsi- and contralateral keys, respectively). For Rival team, this pattern was reversed. These findings were interpreted as being due to approach and avoidance reactions which facilitate both the ipsilateral response to a positive stimulus and the contralateral response to a negative one and vice-versa. This hypothesis was challenged by arguing that there is no spatial compatibility effect when a mixed-rule task was used and that approach/avoidance reactions are not elicited when a keyboard was employed to execute the responses. Alternatively, it was proposed that Conde et al. (2011) results were due to task-set effects. Here, emotional faces (Happy, Angry and Fearful) faces were used to test the generality of effects elicited by affective stimuli and to disentangle task-set and approach/avoidance reactions hypotheses. We found that there is no task-set effect when the Happiness-Anger pair was used. Moreover, for the Happiness/Fear pair, there was an interaction between valence and spatial compatibility within a block of trials. These results suggest that: (i) the interaction between valence and spatial compatibility in the Affective SC task modulates the spatial compatibility effect; (ii) this modulation elicits a task-set effect that varies according to the pair of affective stimuli and (iv) the task-set effect may be due to an automatic orientation of the visual attention to the positive stimulus which facilitates the ipsilateral response conjoined with an inhibition of the ipsilateral response to the aversive stimulus, simulating a reversed compatibility effect to the negative stimulus.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Intact rapid detection of fearful faces in the absence of the amygdala.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.1166069.626970 ◽

2009 ◽

Author(s):

Kent Berridge

Keyword(s):

Rapid Detection ◽

Fearful Faces

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Enhanced Expectation of External Sensations of the Chest Regulates the Emotional Perception of Fearful Faces

Brain Sciences ◽

10.3390/brainsci11070946 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 946

Author(s):

Won-Mo Jung ◽

In-Seon Lee ◽

Ye-Seul Lee ◽

Yeonhee Ryu ◽

Hi-Joon Park ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Visual Cues ◽

Brain Activity ◽

Body Parts ◽

Emotional Perception ◽

Fearful Faces ◽

Bodily Sensations ◽

Facial Expression Classification ◽

Bodily States ◽

Expression Classification ◽

Stimulation Of

Emotional perception can be shaped by inferences about bodily states. Here, we investigated whether exteroceptive inferences about bodily sensations in the chest area influence the perception of fearful faces. Twenty-two participants received pseudo-electrical acupuncture stimulation at three different acupoints: CV17 (chest), CV23 (chin), and PC6 (left forearm). All stimuli were delivered with corresponding visual cues, and the control condition included visual cues that did not match the stimulated body sites. After the stimulation, the participants were shown images with one of five morphed facial expressions, ranging from 100% fear to 100% disgust, and asked to classify them as fearful or disgusted. Brain activity was measured using functional magnetic resonance imaging during the facial expression classification task. When the participants expected that they would receive stimulation of the chest (CV17), the ratio of fearful to non-fearful classifications decreased compared to the control condition, and brain activities within the periaqueductal gray and the default mode network decreased when they viewed fearful faces. Our findings suggest that bodily sensations around the chest, but not the other tested body parts, were selectively associated with fear perception and that altering external inferences inhibited the perception of fearful faces.

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Changes in effective connectivity during incidental and intentional perception of fearful faces

NeuroImage ◽

10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.10.001 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 30 (3) ◽

pp. 1030-1037 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

G. de Marco ◽

M. de Bonis ◽

P. Vrignaud ◽

M.C. Henry-Feugeas ◽

I. Peretti

Keyword(s):

Effective Connectivity ◽

Fearful Faces

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Fearful faces impact in peripheral vision: Behavioral and neural evidence

Neuropsychologia ◽

10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2011.03.031 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 49 (7) ◽

pp. 2013-2021 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Simon Rigoulot ◽

Fabien D’Hondt ◽

Sabine Defoort-Dhellemmes ◽

Pascal Despretz ◽

Jacques Honoré ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Peripheral Vision ◽

Fearful Faces

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Effects of early institutionalization on emotion processing in 12-year-old youth

Development and Psychopathology ◽

10.1017/s0954579417001377 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 29 (5) ◽

pp. 1749-1761 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Johanna Bick ◽

Rhiannon Luyster ◽

Nathan A. Fox ◽

Charles H. Zeanah ◽

Charles A. Nelson

Keyword(s):

Emotion Recognition ◽

Facial Expressions ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Developmental Trajectories ◽

Emotion Processing ◽

Institutional Care ◽

Facial Emotion Recognition ◽

Facial Emotion ◽

Emotional Facial Expressions ◽

Fearful Faces

AbstractWe examined facial emotion recognition in 12-year-olds in a longitudinally followed sample of children with and without exposure to early life psychosocial deprivation (institutional care). Half of the institutionally reared children were randomized into foster care homes during the first years of life. Facial emotion recognition was examined in a behavioral task using morphed images. This same task had been administered when children were 8 years old. Neutral facial expressions were morphed with happy, sad, angry, and fearful emotional facial expressions, and children were asked to identify the emotion of each face, which varied in intensity. Consistent with our previous report, we show that some areas of emotion processing, involving the recognition of happy and fearful faces, are affected by early deprivation, whereas other areas, involving the recognition of sad and angry faces, appear to be unaffected. We also show that early intervention can have a lasting positive impact, normalizing developmental trajectories of processing negative emotions (fear) into the late childhood/preadolescent period.

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