Effects of the New Economic Climate on Psychotherapeutic Practice

1991 ◽  
pp. 253-263
Author(s):  
Paul Chodoff
1981 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maunder
Keyword(s):  

1997 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-340
Author(s):  
Ravi Shrivastava

The use of in vitro alternatives in pharmacotoxicological research has been a subject of continuous discussion among scientists, regulatory authorities and animal protection groups. Despite the fact that the validity and reliability of different in vitro models for replacing whole-animal experimentation have been scientifically proved, the routine use of in vitro tests remains limited. In the current industrial economic climate, I believe that, despite the simplicity and the predictive powers of the proposed in vitro models, the unfavourable cost:benefit ratio of some of these tests will remain an important barrier to the universal acceptance of in vitro alternatives.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bingyi Liu ◽  
Lin Xia ◽  
Li Han ◽  
Jianfei Shen ◽  
Erli Dan ◽  
...  

1987 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 269-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Poodle

ABSTRACTThe Scottish Hydrometric Network consists of a number of river gauging stations which have been located at sites considered suitable to provide long term flow records. Economic recession has placed some stress on the gauging programme, and has given rise to extensive closures of gauging stations in England and, to a minor extent so far, in Scotland. The way in which the network became established provides a mixture of strengths and weaknesses which could have unpredictable consequences in an adverse economic climate. Changing technology provides some opportunity to reduce the cost of data acquisition and improve the deployment of manpower, while maintaining data standards. In these changing circumstances, particularly with extensive use of computer systems, it is important that standards are established for data returned to the Water Archive and that the network is not allowed to degenerate by default.


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