Expression of Coat Protein Genes in Transgenic Plants Confers Protection against Alfalfa Mosaic Virus, Cucumber Mosaic Virus and Potato Virus X

1987 ◽  
pp. 351-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nilgun Tumer ◽  
Cynthia Hemenway ◽  
Keith O’Connell ◽  
Maria Cuozzo ◽  
Rong-Xiang Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coat Protein ◽  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Cucumber Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Potato Virus ◽  
Alfalfa Mosaic Virus ◽  
Potato Virus X

scholarly journals Epidemic of Potato virus Y and Cucumber mosaic virus in Henan Province Tobacco

Plant Disease ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 447-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. D. Li ◽  
Y. Q. Li ◽  
H. G. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Cucumber Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Potato Virus ◽  
Potato Virus Y ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Potato Virus X ◽  
Henan Province ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Vein Necrosis

Flue-cured tobacco is an important crop in Henan Province, China. During the 2000 growing season, many tobacco plants showed various degrees of mottling, mosaic, vein clearing, or vein necrosis in most of the counties. Some plants even died at an early stage of growth. A survey was conducted in May-June in several tobacco-growing counties, and the incidence of symptomatic plants in individual fields ranged from 10 to 85%. The most widely planted tobacco varieties, NC89, K326, and K346, were highly susceptible. Symptomatic plants were collected from Jiaxian and Xiangcheng counties and samples were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Potato virus Y (PVY), and Potato virus X (PVX). Of 65 samples tested, 21 were positive for only PVY, 16 positive for only CMV, one each was positive for only TMV or PVX. Nineteen samples were doubly infected with various combinations of these viruses and six were infected with combinations of three viruses. The causal agent(s) in the remaining sample could not be determined. In total, CMV was detected in 40 samples, PVY in 38, PVX in 10, and TMV in 7 samples. TMV and CMV used to be the most important viruses and PVY occurred only rarely. But PVY has become prevalent in Henan and in neighboring Shandong province (2). CMV and TMV were reported to be the most prevalent viruses in Shanxi (1) and Fujian Provinces (3). Because resistant varieties are not available, and mixed infections are more common, the results presented here explain why huge damage is occurring in tobacco crops in recent years. Some varieties are partially resistant to TMV and CMV but the varieties commonly grown are highly susceptible to PVY. Therefore, breeding for resistance to viruses, especially to PVY, is urgent to control the occurrence of tobacco viral diseases. References: (1) J. L. Cheng et al. Acta Tabacaria Sin. 4:43, 1998. (2) J. B. Wang et al. Chinese Tobacco Sci. 1:26, 1998. (3) L. H. Xie et al. Acta Tabacaria Sin. 2:25, 1994.

scholarly journals Involvement of the chloroplast gene ferredoxin 1 in multiple responses of Nicotiana benthamiana to Potato virus X infection

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 2142-2156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Yang ◽  
Yuwen Lu ◽  
Fang Wang ◽  
Ying Chen ◽  
Yanzhen Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Potato Virus ◽  
Tobacco Rattle Virus ◽  
Potato Virus X ◽  
Tomato Mosaic Virus ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Coat Proteins ◽  
Virus Induced Gene Silencing ◽  
Callose Deposition

Abstract The chloroplast protein ferredoxin 1 (FD1), with roles in the chloroplast electron transport chain, is known to interact with the coat proteins (CPs) of Tomato mosaic virus and Cucumber mosaic virus. However, our understanding of the roles of FD1 in virus infection remains limited. Here, we report that the Potato virus X (PVX) p25 protein interacts with FD1, whose mRNA and protein levels are reduced by PVX infection or by transient expression of p25. Silencing of FD1 by Tobacco rattle virus-based virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) promoted the local and systemic infection of plants by PVX. Use of a drop-and-see (DANS) assay and callose staining revealed that the permeability of plasmodesmata (PDs) was increased in FD1-silenced plants together with a consistently reduced level of PD callose deposition. After FD1 silencing, quantitative reverse transcription–real-time PCR (qRT–PCR) analysis and LC-MS revealed these plants to have a low accumulation of the phytohormones abscisic acid (ABA) and salicylic acid (SA), which contributed to the decreased callose deposition at PDs. Overexpression of FD1 in transgenic plants manifested resistance to PVX infection, but the contents of ABA and SA, and the PD callose deposition were not increased in transgenic plants. Overexpression of FD1 interfered with the RNA silencing suppressor function of p25. These results demonstrate that interfering with FD1 function causes abnormal plant hormone-mediated antiviral processes and thus enhances PVX infection.

scholarly journals Solution structures of potato virus X and narcissus mosaic virus from Raman optical activity

2002 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 241-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewan W. Blanch ◽  
David J. Robinson ◽  
Lutz Hecht ◽  
Christopher D. Syme ◽  
Kurt Nielsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coat Protein ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Optical Activity ◽  
Potato Virus ◽  
Potato Virus X ◽  
Protein Subunit ◽  
Helix Bundle ◽  
Raman Optical Activity ◽  
Α Helix ◽  
Narcissus Mosaic Virus

Potato virus X (PVX) and narcissus mosaic virus (NMV) were studied using vibrational Raman optical activity (ROA) in order to obtain new information on the structures of their coat protein subunits. The ROA spectra of the two intact virions are very similar to each other and similar to that of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) studied previously, being dominated by signals characteristic of proteins with helix bundle folds. In particular, PVX and NMV show strong positive ROA bands at ∼1340 cm−1 assigned to hydrated α-helix and perhaps originating in surface exposed helical residues, together with less strong positive ROA intensity in the range ∼1297–1312 cm−1 assigned to α-helix in a more hydrophobic environment and perhaps originating in residues at helix–helix interfaces. The positive ∼1340 cm−1 ROA band of TMV is less intense than those of PVX and NMV, suggesting that TMV contains less hydrated α-helix. Small differences in other spectral regions reflect differences in some loop, turn and side-chain compositions and conformations among the three viruses. A pattern recognition program based on principal component analysis of ROA spectra indicates that the coat protein subunit folds of PVX and NMV may be very similar to each other and similar to that of TMV. These results suggest that PVX and NMV may have coat protein subunit structures based on folds similar to the TMV helix bundle and hence that the helical architecture of the PVX and NMV particles may be similar to that of TMV but with different structural parameters.

scholarly journals Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and potato virus X (PVX) coat proteins confer heterologous interference to PVX and TMV infection, respectively

2006 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 1005-1012 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Bazzini ◽  
S. Asurmendi ◽  
H. E. Hopp ◽  
R. N. Beachy
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Tobacco Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Potato Virus ◽  
Quaternary Structure ◽  
Systemic Infection ◽  
Potato Virus X ◽  
Coat Proteins ◽  
Local Cell ◽  
Cell Spread

Replication of Potato virus X (PVX) was reduced in transgenic protoplasts that accumulated wild-type coat protein (CPWT) of Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) or a mutant CP, CPT42W, that produced highly ordered states of aggregation, including pseudovirions. This reaction is referred to as heterologous CP-mediated resistance. However, protoplasts expressing a CP mutant that abolished aggregation and did not produce pseudovirions, CPT28W, did not reduce PVX replication. Similarly, in transgenic tobacco plants producing TMV CPWT or CPT42W, there was a delay in local cell-to-cell spread of PVX infection that was not observed in CPT28W plants or in non-transgenic plants. The results suggest that the quaternary structure of the TMV CP regulates the mechanism(s) of heterologous CP-mediated resistance. Similarly, transgenic protoplasts that produced PVX CP conferred transient protection against infection by TMV RNA. Transgenic plants that accumulated PVX CP reduced the cell-to-cell spread of infection and resulted in a delay in systemic infection following inoculation with TMV or TMV RNA. Heterologous CP-mediated resistance was characterized by a brief delay in systemic infection, whilst homologous CP-mediated resistance conferred reduced or no systemic infection.

Effectiveness of coat protein and defective replicase gene-mediated resistance against Australian isolates of cucumber mosaic virus

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Singh ◽  
M. G. K. Jones ◽  
R. A. C. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Coat Protein ◽  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Cucumber Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Transgenic Tobacco ◽  
Extreme Resistance ◽  
Tobacco Plants ◽  
Systemic Movement ◽  
Cp Gene ◽  
Subgroup Ii

Summary. Transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) plants of (i) cv. Samsun NN containing the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S constitutive promoter linked to a defective replicase (DR) gene derived from cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) subgroup I isolate Fny, and (ii) cv. Xanthi containing the CaMV 35S promoter linked to the coat protein (CP) gene of CMV subgroup I isolate C were tested for resistance to various Australian isolates of CMV. The tobacco plants were challenged with 3 CMV subgroup 1 isolates (BNRR, BMR and B6) using sap inoculation. When used to challenge non-transgenic tobacco plants with 5 subgroup II CMV isolates from lupins (LY, LCH, LAcc, LGu and LD), this inoculation method did not result in systemic infection so graft inoculation was used instead to challenge transgenic plants with these 5 isolates. When plants of the line with the DR gene were challenged with the 3 subgroup I isolates, extreme resistance was revealed as none showed symptoms and CMV was not detectable by ELISA. When the same 3 isolates were inoculated to the 3 lines with the CP gene, resistance was characterised by fewer plants becoming virus infected, delayed systemic movement and, in the plants that were infected, partial remission of symptoms plus somewhat decreased virus concentration. Challenge of transgenic plants with DR or CP with the 5 subgroup II isolates resulted in fewer plants becoming infected. Actual numbers of plants infected varied with line and subgroup II isolate and the DR gene was as effective as the CP gene at decreasing infection. With subgroup II isolate LY, infection was associated with remission of symptoms and with the other 4 isolates with delayed systemic movement. Thus the DR gene approach was more effective than the CP approach in obtaining extreme resistance against Australian subgroup I isolates of CMV. These results suggest that introducing a similar DR gene construct made from a subgroup II isolate from lupins into commercial lupin cultivars may be a suitable strategy for obtaining extreme resistance to subgroup II isolates from lupins.

scholarly journals First Report of Tomato torrado virus Infecting Tomato in Single and Mixed Infections with Cucumber mosaic virus in Panama

Plant Disease ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 198-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Herrera-Vásquez ◽  
A. Alfaro-Fernández ◽  
M. C. Córdoba-Sellés ◽  
M. C. Cebrián ◽  
M. I. Font ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coat Protein ◽  
Cucumber Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Potato Virus ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Tomato Mosaic Virus ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Related Sequence ◽  
First Report

In February of 2008, in open-field-grown tomato crops (Solanum lycopersicum L.) from the central regions of Coclé, Herrera, Los Santos, and Veraguas of Panama, unusual disease symptoms, including deformation, necrosis, purple margins, interveinal yellowing, downward and upward curling of the leaflets alternately, necrotic lines in sepals and branches, fruits distorted with necrotic lines on the surface, and severe stunting, were observed. Tomato production was seriously damaged. To verify the identity of the disease, five symptomatic tomato plants from four fields of these regions were selected and analyzed by double-antibody sandwich (DAS)-ELISA using specific antibodies to Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Potato virus X (PVX), Potato virus Y (PVY), Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV), Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) (Loewe Biochemica, Sauerlach, Germany), and Pepino mosaic virus (PepMV) (DSMZ, Braunschweig, Germany). Total RNA was extracted from all plants and tested using reverse transcription (RT)-PCR with three pairs of specific primers: one pair designed to amplify 586 bp of the coat protein gene of CMV (CMV-F 5′-CCTCCGCGGATGCTAACTT-3′ and CMV-R 5′-CGGAATCAGACTGGGAGCA-3′) and the other two pairs to Tomato torrado virus (ToTV) that amplify 580 and 574 bp of the polyprotein (4) and coat protein (Vp23) (3) region of RNA2, respectively; and by dot-blot hybridization with a digoxygenin-labeled RNA probe complementary to the aforementioned polyprotein. The serological analysis for PVX, PVY, ToMV, TSWV, and PepMV were negative. ToTV was detected in all samples analyzed. Three of these samples were also positive for CMV by serological and molecular analysis. No differences in symptom expression were observed between plants infected with both viruses or with ToTV alone. RT-PCR products were purified and directly sequenced. BLAST analysis of one CMV sequence (GenBank Accession No. EU934036) showed 98% identity with a CMV sequence from Brazil (most closely related sequence) (GenBank Accession No. AY380812) and 97% with the Fny isolate (CMV subgroup I) (GenBank Accession No. U20668). Two ToTV sequences were obtained (GenBank Accession Nos. EU934037 and FJ357161) and showed 99% and 98% identities with the polyprotein and coat protein region of ToTV from Spain (GenBank Accession No. DQ388880), respectively. CMV is transmitted by aphids and is distributed worldwide with a wide host range (2), while ToTV is transmitted by whiteflies and has only been reported in tomato crops in Spain and Poland and recently on weeds in Spain (1). To our knowledge, this is the first time ToTV has been detected in Panama and the first report of CMV/ToTV mixed infection. References: (1) A. Alfaro-Fernández et al. Plant Dis. 92:831, 2008. (2) A. A. Brunt et al. Plant Viruses Online: Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database. Online Publication, 1996. (3) H. Pospieszny et al. Plant Dis. 91:1364, 2007. (4) M. Verbeek et al. Arch. Virol. 152:881, 2007.

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