Phosphate and Vanadate Reduce the Efficiency of the Chemo-Mechanical Energy Transformation in Cardiac Muscle

1982 ◽  
pp. 267-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joachim W. Herzig ◽  
John W. Peterson ◽  
Ross J. Solaro ◽  
Johann C. Rüegg
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Muscle ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Energy Transformation

scholarly journals Cardiometabolism as an Interlocking Puzzle between the Healthy and Diseased Heart: New Frontiers in Therapeutic Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 721
Author(s):  
Teresa Pasqua ◽  
Carmine Rocca ◽  
Anita Giglio ◽  
Tommaso Angelone
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Muscle ◽  
Metabolic Networks ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Cardiac Metabolism ◽  
Protective Mechanism ◽  
Enzymatic Reactions ◽  
Carbohydrate Utilization ◽  
Pharmacological Agents ◽  
Physiological Structure ◽  
And Function

Cardiac metabolism represents a crucial and essential connecting bridge between the healthy and diseased heart. The cardiac muscle, which may be considered an omnivore organ with regard to the energy substrate utilization, under physiological conditions mainly draws energy by fatty acids oxidation. Within cardiomyocytes and their mitochondria, through well-concerted enzymatic reactions, substrates converge on the production of ATP, the basic chemical energy that cardiac muscle converts into mechanical energy, i.e., contraction. When a perturbation of homeostasis occurs, such as an ischemic event, the heart is forced to switch its fatty acid-based metabolism to the carbohydrate utilization as a protective mechanism that allows the maintenance of its key role within the whole organism. Consequently, the flexibility of the cardiac metabolic networks deeply influences the ability of the heart to respond, by adapting to pathophysiological changes. The aim of the present review is to summarize the main metabolic changes detectable in the heart under acute and chronic cardiac pathologies, analyzing possible therapeutic targets to be used. On this basis, cardiometabolism can be described as a crucial mechanism in keeping the physiological structure and function of the heart; furthermore, it can be considered a promising goal for future pharmacological agents able to appropriately modulate the rate-limiting steps of heart metabolic pathways.

Experiment of a Tesla Engine for Wind Energy Capture

2013 ◽  
Vol 284-287 ◽  
pp. 1051-1056
Author(s):  
Dein Shaw ◽  
Feng Ting Liu ◽  
Jyun Jhe Yu
Keyword(s):  
Wind Energy ◽  
Environmental Problem ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Energy Transformation ◽  
Rotating Speed ◽  
Energy Capture ◽  
Low Torque ◽  
Moving Fluid ◽  
Disk Spacing

Tesla engine converts the fluid energy into the rotating energy by using the viscosity of moving fluid. Because this machine has high rotating speed but low torque, the application of this engine is still under discussion. However, due to environmental problem, a lot of researches focus on green energy, the air engine becomes an important research issue. The main power source of Tesla engine is compressed air. Because only the mechanical energy transformation occurs inside the engine, there is no by-product produced by the engine. In this study, this device was considered to extract power from wind energy. The viscous stress is relatively small when it is compared to drag force or pressure. Therefore, this study is to discover the possibility of this application through the experiment. The unique inlet was constructed to guide the wind into the engine’s casing. The disk spacing was also changed to discover the optimum disk spacing. The main purpose is to test the engine’s output for its application on the wind energy capture.

Uphill and level walking of a three-dimensional biped quasi-passive walking robot by torso control

Robotica ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 483-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Cao ◽  
Soichiro Suzuki ◽  
Yohei Hoshino
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Walking Robots ◽  
Utilization Rate ◽  
Walking Robot ◽  
Energy Transformation ◽  
Passive Walking ◽  
Level Walking

SUMMARYPassive walking robots can walk on a slight downward slope powered only by gravity. We propose a novel control strategy based on forced entrainment to stabilize a three-dimensional quasi-passive walking robot in uphill and level walking by using torso control in the frontal plane and synchronization of lateral motion with swing leg motion. We investigated the robot's walking energy efficiency, energy transformation, and transfer in simulation. The results showed that the proposed method is effective and energy-efficient for uphill and level walking. The relationship between energy utilization rate of actuation and energy efficiency of the robot was revealed, and mechanical energy transformation and transfer were characterized.

An Association Study of Energy Transformation in Banana Loaded by Force and its Damage Evolution

2012 ◽  
Vol 195-196 ◽  
pp. 1265-1270
Author(s):  
Feng Ying Xu ◽  
Zhen Chen ◽  
Peng Cheng Wang ◽  
Xiang Jun Zou ◽  
Ce Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Energy Transformation ◽  
Damage Area ◽  
Important Means ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Processing And Storage ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

The research on the damage banana quality with loaded mechanical energy has significance to its storage, but there are few researches at present. This paper investigated 3 indexes of the energy and substance transformation in the damage banana by loading, including the change of the respiration rate CO2, the maximum impact stress intensity of fruit re-enduring and the maximum mechanical energy etc. during the storage. The results showed that there existed a significant association between the energy conversion and quality characteristics for the damaged banana, and the energy transformation affected the individuals physiological and biochemical process. There presented a significant trend on the intensity of the loading mechanical energy against the quality characteristics on above 3 indexes during the storage, but the difference between the individual had little effects on it. Decreasing the energy and substance transformation in damage area are the important means of extending the physiology life of fruits, which is an urgent problem to be solved in their field of processing and storage at present.

scholarly journals Thermal and mechanical energy storage as a chance for energy transformation in Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 43-60
Author(s):  
Artur Dyczko ◽  
Paweł Kamiński ◽  
Kinga Stecuła ◽  
Dariusz Prostański ◽  
Michał Kopacz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Energy Transformation

Anchorfibers and the Topography of Junctional SR

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 582-583
Author(s):  
James Junker ◽  
Joachim R. Sommer
Keyword(s):  
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Cardiac Muscle ◽  
Single Filament ◽  
Relaxation Cycle ◽  
10 Nm Filaments ◽  
Junctional Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

Junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum (JSR) in all its forms (extended JSR, JSR of couplings, corbular SR) in both skeletal and cardiac muscle is always located at the Z - I regions of the sarcomeres. The Z tubule is a tubule of the free SR (non-specialized SR) which is consistently located at the Z lines in cardiac muscle (1). Short connections between JSR and Z lines have been described (2), and bundles of filaments at Z lines have been seen in skeletal (3) and cardiac (4) muscle. In opossum cardiac muscle, we have seen bundles of 10 nm filaments stretching across interfibrillary spaces and adjacent myofibrils with extensions to the plasma- lemma in longitudinal (Fig. 1) and transverse (Fig. 2) sections. Only an occasional single filament is seen elsewhere along a sarcomere. We propose that these filaments represent anchor fibers that maintain the observed invariant topography of the free SR and JSR throughout the contraction-relaxation cycle.

Neuronal and Extraneuronal Uptake of 3H-Norepinephrine in the Heart of the Active Bat: An Electron Microscopic Radioautographic Study

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 522-523
Author(s):  
Martin Hagopian ◽  
Michael D. Gershon ◽  
Eladio A. Nunez
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Monoamine Oxidase ◽  
Vascular Smooth Muscle ◽  
Cardiac Muscle ◽  
Maximum Rate ◽  
External Medium ◽  
Extraneuronal Uptake ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Cardiac Tissues ◽  
High Affinity

The ability of cardiac tissues to take up norepinephrine from an external medium is well known. Two mechanisms, called Uptake and Uptake respectively by Iversen have been differentiated. Uptake is a high affinity system associated with adrenergic neuronal elements. Uptake is a low affinity system, with a higher maximum rate than that of Uptake. Uptake has been associated with extraneuronal tissues such as cardiac muscle, fibroblasts or vascular smooth muscle. At low perfusion concentrations of norepinephrine most of the amine taken up by Uptake is metabolized. In order to study the localization of sites of norepinephrine storage following its uptake in the active bat heart, tritiated norepinephrine (2.5 mCi; 0.064 mg) was given intravenously to 2 bats. Monoamine oxidase had been inhibited with pheniprazine (10 mg/kg) one hour previously to decrease metabolism of norepinephrine.

Morphological Basis of the Disparity Between Muscle Length and Sarcomere Length in the Myocardium

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 422-423
Author(s):  
G.E. Adomian ◽  
L. Chuck ◽  
W.W. Pannley
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Muscle ◽  
Sarcomere Length ◽  
Muscle Length ◽  
Contractile Force ◽  
Direct Function ◽  
Morphological Basis ◽  
Tension Curve

Sonnenblick, et al, have shown that sarcomeres change length as a function of cardiac muscle length along the ascending portion of the length-tension curve. This allows the contractile force to be expressed as a direct function of sarcomere length. Below L max, muscle length is directly related to sarcomere length at lengths greater than 85% of optimum. However, beyond the apex of the tension-length curve, i.e. L max, a disparity occurs between cardiac muscle length and sarcomere length. To account for this disproportionate increase in muscle length as sarcomere length remains relatively stable, the concept of fiber slippage was suggested as a plausible explanation. These observations have subsequently been extended to the intact ventricle.

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