Viruses in the Study of the Polarity of Epithelial Membranes

1985 ◽  
pp. 127-144
Author(s):  
Mary Taub
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Membranes

Routes of nonelectrolyte permeation across epithelial membranes

1974 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 293-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernest M. Wright ◽  
Richard J. Pietras
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Membranes

Effects of Cd++ on short-circuit current across epithelial membranes

1979 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 283-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanley D. Hillyard ◽  
Ronald Sera ◽  
Harvey C. Gonick
Keyword(s):  
Short Circuit ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Epithelial Membranes

scholarly journals Spreading of a mycobacterial cell-surface lipid into host epithelial membranes promotes infectivity

eLife ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
CJ Cambier ◽  
Steven M Banik ◽  
Joseph A Buonomo ◽  
Carolyn R Bertozzi
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Immune Activation ◽  
Cholesterol Synthesis ◽  
Membrane Lipids ◽  
Preventive Therapy ◽  
Outer Cell ◽  
Surface Lipid ◽  
Epithelial Membranes ◽  
Outer Cell Wall

Several virulence lipids populate the outer cell wall of pathogenic mycobacteria. Phthiocerol dimycocerosate (PDIM), one of the most abundant outer membrane lipids, plays important roles in both defending against host antimicrobial programs and in evading these programs altogether. Immediately following infection, mycobacteria rely on PDIM to evade Myd88-dependent recruitment of microbicidal monocytes which can clear infection. To circumvent the limitations in using genetics to understand virulence lipids, we developed a chemical approach to track PDIM during Mycobacterium marinum infection of zebrafish. We found that PDIM's methyl-branched lipid tails enabled it to spread into host epithelial membranes to prevent immune activation. Additionally, PDIM’s affinity for cholesterol promoted this phenotype; treatment of zebrafish with statins, cholesterol synthesis inhibitors, decreased spreading and provided protection from infection. This work establishes that interactions between host and pathogen lipids influence mycobacterial infectivity and suggests the use of statins as tuberculosis preventive therapy by inhibiting PDIM spread.

Ionic Currents in Taste Cells and Reconstituted Taste Epithelial Membranes

2021 ◽  
pp. 151-170
Author(s):  
John H. Teeter ◽  
Kumiko Sugimoto ◽  
Joseph G. Brand
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Currents ◽  
Taste Cells ◽  
Epithelial Membranes

Na+-sugar cotransport system as a polarization marker during organization of epithelial membrane

1988 ◽  
Vol 255 (6) ◽  
pp. C745-C753 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Lasheras ◽  
J. A. Scott ◽  
C. A. Rabito
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistance ◽  
Apical Membrane ◽  
Sugar Transport ◽  
Cell Polarization ◽  
Transepithelial Electrical Resistance ◽  
Apical Surface ◽  
Binding Studies ◽  
Occluding Junctions ◽  
Basolateral Side ◽  
Epithelial Membranes

The present study analyzed the changes in Na+-dependent sugar transport and transepithelial electrical resistance as LLC-PK1 cells reorganize into epithelial membranes. Sugar influx increased to reach a maximum 9 h after plating. The increase in the transepithelial electrical resistance, however, showed a significant delay, reaching steady state 15 h after plating. No changes in the electrochemical Na+ gradient were observed during the reorganization of the epithelial membranes. Kinetic analysis and [3H]phlorizin-binding studies showed that the increase in sugar influx resulted from an increase in the number of carriers. Unidirectional sugar influx measurements indicated that the sugar transporters were primarily located at the apical surface of the epithelial cells. These observations are consistent with the hypothesis that the sorting of native proteins occurs intracellularly before their insertion in the apical membrane, or as an alternative that they are randomly inserted, but then immediately sorted such as any carrier could be detected in the basolateral side during the reorganization process. In addition, the results suggest that the functional development of the apical membrane may occur before the complete sealing of the intercellular space during the development of the occluding junctions. Furthermore, development of the sugar transport system and occluding junctions was inhibited by cycloheximide and puromycin but not by actinomycin D, suggesting that the expression of epithelial cell polarization is probably a posttranslational event in the protein synthesis.

Lipidomic analysis of porcine olfactory epithelial membranes of cilia

2010 ◽  
Vol 163 ◽  
pp. S25
Author(s):  
Simona Lobasso ◽  
Patrizia Lopalco ◽  
Roberto Angelini ◽  
Maristella Baronio ◽  
Francesco P. Fanizzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipidomic Analysis ◽  
Epithelial Membranes

Comparative analysis of surface charges on luminal epithelial membranes of urinary bladders from toad, frog, turtle, and tortoise

1974 ◽  
Vol 180 (3) ◽  
pp. 509-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Danon ◽  
E. B. Margareta Ekblad ◽  
Judy M. Strum
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Surface Charges ◽  
Epithelial Membranes

Cytochrome P-450 dependent monooxygenase activity in rat nasal epithelial membranes

1982 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
William M. Hadley ◽  
Alan R. Dahl
Keyword(s):  
Monooxygenase Activity ◽  
Epithelial Membranes ◽  
Cytochrome P 450

scholarly journals AFM based elasticity of intestinal epithelium correlate with barrier function under drug action

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Tejeda-Mora ◽  
L. Stevens ◽  
M. Gröllers ◽  
A. Katan ◽  
E. van de Steeg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Properties ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Intestinal Epithelium ◽  
Drug Action ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Membrane Elasticity ◽  
Efficient Approach ◽  
Epithelial Membranes ◽  
Cellular Behaviour

ABSTRACTOver the past few years, atomic force microscopy (AFM) has developed as a mature research tool for measuring the nanomechanical properties of tissue, cells and biological structures. The force spectroscopy mode of AFM allows the local elasticity of biological samples to be measured. The mechanical properties of cells are highly affected by homeostatic changes observed during disease. In the case of the intestine, the aetiology for some conditions is still unclear. To improve the clinical translation of pre-clinical models, a new and different approach could be to study cellular behaviour in health and disease from a mechanical point of view. Specifically, knowledge of changes in epithelial membranes in response to drugs is useful for interpreting both drug action and disease development. Here, we used human intestinal Caco-2 cells as a first step to record epithelial membrane elasticity measurements at the nanoscale using AFM. Three different drugs were selected to influence intestinal epithelium integrity by specifically targeting different functional aspects of the membrane, such as permeability and support. Results indicate a relationship between measured cell elasticity and cell viability markers, such as cellular toxicity and membrane barrier functions. Our work represents a proof-of-concept that cells suffer a particular change in elastic properties depending upon the mechanism of action of an applied drug. The following may provide an efficient approach for diagnosing intestinal pathologies and testing drugs for clinical use.STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCEWe present evidence that epithelial membrane suffers a particular change in elastic properties depending upon the mechanism of action of an applied drug. These changes can be monitored over time using AFM technology and may provide an alternative and efficient approach for diagnosing intestinal pathologies and testing drugs for clinical use.

scholarly journals Cystic Fibrosis - An Update

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 174-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Rizwanul Ahsan ◽  
Hossain shahid Kamrul Alam ◽  
Ahmed Rashedul Hasan ◽  
Mirza Ziaul Islam ◽  
Ahmed Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Access To Health Care ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Multidisciplinary Care ◽  
Sweat Test ◽  
Diabetes Diagnosis ◽  
Inherited Disease ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Epithelial Membranes ◽  
Large Airways

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is said to be the most common lethal inherited disease of the white population. It affects the exocrine glands of body, primarily of the gastrointestinal and respiratory system. CF is caused by one of a large numbers of mutations of the gene for a protein called the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). This CFTR regulates chloride and sodium transport across epithelial membranes. The main complications involve in the lungs, with damage to the small and large airways by chronic and recurrent bacterial infections. Other major consequences include pancreatic malfunction, leading to malabsorption of nutrients and vitamins with consequent impaired growth and development and in older patient diabetes. Diagnosis is usually done by sweat test or identification of two CF-causing mutations in patients with characteristics symptoms. Treatment is supportive through aggressive multidisciplinary care. The prognosis of CF has improved due to earlier diagnosis through screening, better treatment and access to health care. Although CF is a rare disease in Bangladesh, but its possibility should be kept in mind in appropriate circumstances.Bangladesh J Child Health 2016; VOL 40 (3) :174-178

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document