Synthetic Antigens and Vaccines

Author(s):  
Ruth Arnon
Keyword(s):  
1987 ◽  
Vol 26 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Selvaraj ◽  
M. R. Suresh ◽  
G. McLean ◽  
D. Willans ◽  
C. Turner ◽  
...  

The role of glycoconjugates in tumor cell differentiation has been well documented. We have examined the expression of the two anomers of the Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen on the surface of human, canine and murine tumor cell membranes both in vitro and in vivo. This has been accomplished through the synthesis of the disaccharide terminal residues in both a and ß configuration. Both entities were used to generate murine monoclonal antibodies which recognized the carbohydrate determinants. The determination of fine specificities of these antibodies was effected by means of cellular uptake, immunohistopathology and immunoscintigraphy. Examination of pathological specimens of human and canine tumor tissue indicated that the expressed antigen was in the β configuration. More than 89% of all human carcinomas tested expressed the antigen in the above anomeric form. The combination of synthetic antigens and monoclonal antibodies raised specifically against them provide us with invaluable tools for the study of tumor marker expression in humans and their respective animal tumor models.


1986 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. YA. CHERNYAK ◽  
K. V. ANTONOV ◽  
N. K. KOCHETKOV ◽  
L. N. PADYUKOV ◽  
N. V. TSVETKOVA

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (24) ◽  
pp. 9635
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Durlik-Popińska ◽  
Paulina Żarnowiec ◽  
Łukasz Lechowicz ◽  
Józef Gawęda ◽  
Wiesław Kaca

Most rheumatic diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), are characterized by immune disorders that affect antibody activity. In the present study, using Dot blot and ELISA assay, we showed that patients with rheumatic disease produced significantly more antibodies against lipopolysaccharide (LPS) P. mirabilis O3 compared to healthy donors (p < 0.05), and affinity purified antibodies against LPS O3 may cross-react with collagen type I. It was demonstrated that purified of antibodies isolated from RA patients sera, reacted stronger with the collagen than healthy donors (p = 0.015), and cross-reaction was correlated with level of anti-citrullinated peptide antibodies (r = 0.7, p = 0.003). Moreover, using six different lipopolysaccharides were demonstrated the significant correlations in sera reactivity among lysine-containing lipopolysaccharides observed in patients’ sera (p < 0.05). Using Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) it was shown that unique wavenumbers of sera spectra correlate with reactivity with lipopolysaccharides allowing distinguish patients from healthy blood donors. Antibodies adsorption by synthetic antigens shows that in patients’ group anti-LPS O3 antibodies can be adsorbed by both amides of galacturonic acid and lysine or threonine, which suggests less specificity of antibodies binding with non-carbohydrate LPS component. The observed correlations suggest that non-carbohydrate components of LPS may be an important epitope for less specific anti-LPS antibodies, which might lead to cross-reactions and affect disease development.


1971 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bilha Schechter ◽  
Israel Schechter ◽  
Janakiraman Ramachandran ◽  
Abigail Conway-jacobs ◽  
Michale Sela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  

2004 ◽  
Vol 72 (12) ◽  
pp. 7115-7123 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Fernández-Santana ◽  
Félix Cardoso ◽  
Arlene Rodriguez ◽  
Tania Carmenate ◽  
Luis Peña ◽  
...  

ABSTRACT Polysaccharide-protein conjugates as vaccines have proven to be very effective in preventing Haemophilus influenzae type b infections in industrialized countries. However, cost-effective technologies need to be developed for increasing the availability of anti-H. influenzae type b vaccines in countries from the developing world. Consequently, vaccine production with partially synthetic antigens is a desirable goal for many reasons. They may be rigidly controlled for purity and effectiveness while at the same time being cheap enough that they may be made universally available. We describe here the antigenicity and immunogenicity of several H. influenzae type b synthetic oligosaccharide-protein conjugates in laboratory animals. The serum of H. influenzae type b-immunized animals recognized our synthetic H. influenzae type b antigens to the same extent as the native bacterial capsular polysaccharide. Compared to the anti-H. influenzae type b vaccine employed, these synthetic versions induced similar antibody response patterns in terms of titer, specificity, and functional capacity. The further development of synthetic vaccines will meet urgent needs in the less prosperous parts of the world and remains our major goal.


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