Cortical Neuron Activity in the Temporal Organization of Behavior

1982 ◽  
pp. 293-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joaquin M. Fuster
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Neuron ◽  
Temporal Organization ◽  
Neuron Activity

scholarly journals In vivo imaging of the GnRH pulse generator reveals a temporal order of neuronal activation and synchronization during each pulse

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleisha M Moore ◽  
Lique M Coolen ◽  
Michael N Lehman
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Order ◽  
Pulse Generator ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Temporal Organization ◽  
Neuron Activity ◽  
Hypothalamic Amenorrhea ◽  
Freely Moving ◽  
Kndy Neurons ◽  
In Vivo Calcium Imaging

A hypothalamic pulse generator located in the arcuate nucleus controls episodic release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) and is essential for reproduction. Recent evidence suggests this generator is comprised of arcuate 'KNDy' cells, the abbreviation based on co-expression of kisspeptin, neurokinin B, and dynorphin. However, direct visual evidence of KNDy neuron activity at a single-cell level during a pulse is lacking. Here, we use in vivo calcium imaging in freely moving female mice to show that individual KNDy neurons are synchronously activated in an episodic manner, and these synchronized episodes always precede LH pulses. Furthermore, synchronization among KNDy cells occurs in a temporal order, with some subsets of KNDy cells serving as 'leaders' and others as 'followers' during each synchronized episode. These results reveal an unsuspected temporal organization of activation and synchronization within the GnRH pulse generator, suggesting that different subsets of KNDy neurons are activated at pulse onset than afterward during maintenance and eventual termination of each pulse. Further studies to distinguish KNDy leader from follower cells is likely to have important clinical significance, since regulation of pulsatile GnRH secretion is essential for normal reproduction and disrupted in pathological conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome and hypothalamic amenorrhea.

scholarly journals Facial expressions of emotion states and their neuronal correlates in mice

Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 368 (6486) ◽  
pp. 89-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nejc Dolensek ◽  
Daniel A. Gehrlach ◽  
Alexandra S. Klein ◽  
Nadine Gogolla
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Cortical Neuron ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
Intrinsic Value ◽  
Sensory Stimulus ◽  
Neuron Activity ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
Facial Expressions Of Emotion

Understanding the neurobiological underpinnings of emotion relies on objective readouts of the emotional state of an individual, which remains a major challenge especially in animal models. We found that mice exhibit stereotyped facial expressions in response to emotionally salient events, as well as upon targeted manipulations in emotion-relevant neuronal circuits. Facial expressions were classified into distinct categories using machine learning and reflected the changing intrinsic value of the same sensory stimulus encountered under different homeostatic or affective conditions. Facial expressions revealed emotion features such as intensity, valence, and persistence. Two-photon imaging uncovered insular cortical neuron activity that correlated with specific facial expressions and may encode distinct emotions. Facial expressions thus provide a means to infer emotion states and their neuronal correlates in mice.

Ketamine Inhibits Ultrasound Stimulation-Induced Neuromodulation by Blocking Cortical Neuron Activity

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 635-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sungmin Han ◽  
Minkyung Kim ◽  
Hyungmin Kim ◽  
Hyunjoon Shin ◽  
Inchan Youn
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Neuron ◽  
Neuron Activity ◽  
Ultrasound Stimulation

Effect of substance P on behavior and cortical neuron activity during learning in rabbits

1986 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-118
Author(s):  
G. I. Shul'gina ◽  
I. P. Levshina ◽  
A. M. Melekhova ◽  
K. Hecht
Keyword(s):  
Substance P ◽  
Cortical Neuron ◽  
Neuron Activity

An analysis of penicillin-induced generalized spike and wave discharges using simultaneous recordings of cortical and thalamic single neurons

1983 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 819-837 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Avoli ◽  
P. Gloor ◽  
G. Kostopoulos ◽  
J. Gotman
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Neuron ◽  
Cortical Neurons ◽  
Single Unit ◽  
Neuronal Firing ◽  
Cortical Stimulation ◽  
Neuron Activity ◽  
Thalamic Nuclei ◽  
Thalamic Neurons ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Electroencephalogram Eeg

To study the relationship between cortical and thalamic single-neuron activity during spike and wave (SW) discharge of feline generalized penicillin epilepsy (FGPE), extracellular single-unit and local electroencephalogram (EEG) activity were recorded simultaneously from pairs of neurons, one located in the cortex of the middle suprasylvian gyrus (MSS), the other in the dorsal thalamic nuclei (n. lateralis posterior or pulvinar). These two areas are anatomically and functionally closely interrelated. Computer-generated EEG averages and histograms of single-unit activity triggered by either peaks of cortical or thalamic EEG transients or by cortical or thalamic action potentials (aps) showed that cortical neurons in the MSS fired at the time of the spike of the SW complex, while at the time of the wave they became silent. Two populations of thalamic neurons also fired maximally during the spike of SW discharge, but they differed in the precise timing of their firing in relation to that of the simultaneously recorded cortical neuron. The first group of thalamic neurons tended to fire 5-45 ms before the cortical neuron. Of these 28 neurons, 9 were antidromically and 2 orthodromically activated by cortical stimulation. The neurons of the second group tended to fire 0-45 ms after the cortical neuron. Cortical stimulation activated 15 of these 19 neurons orthodromically and 2 antidromically. A third and smaller population of thalamic neurons (n = 8) increased its firing probability during the wave of the SW complex and decreased it during the spike. In 74% of the pairs of neurons the cyclic alternation of excitation and "inhibition" associated with SW activity appeared in the cortex by 1-3 cycles earlier than in the thalamus. This was most common when the thalamic neuron of the pair reached its peak firing probability before the simultaneously recorded cortical neuron. In 11 pairs of neurons the same rhythmic alternation of excitation and "inhibition" of neuronal firing was seen in both the cortex and thalamus during SW discharges evoked by single-shock stimulation of nucleus centralis medialis. These data demonstrate that both cortical and thalamic neurons participate in the SW firing pattern of FGPE by undergoing periods of mutually phase-locked cyclic alternations of excitation and "inhibition" at the frequency of the EEG SW rhythm. Although the initial steps leading to generalized SW discharge in FGPE take place in the cortex, the thalamus soon becomes entrained in the SW rhythm.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

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