The Impact of Recombinant DNA Techniques on the Study of Enzymes

1989 ◽  
pp. 413-426
Author(s):  
John R. Coggins
Keyword(s):  
Recombinant Dna ◽  
Recombinant Dna Techniques ◽  
The Impact

The impact of biotechnology and molecular biology on the pharmaceutical industry

1992 ◽  
Vol 99 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 37-45
Author(s):  
A. N. Hobden ◽  
T. J. R. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Protein Function ◽  
High Throughput Screening ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Recombinant Dna ◽  
Hiv Protease ◽  
Baculovirus Infection ◽  
Recombinant Dna Techniques ◽  
The Impact

Synopsis:Biotechnology had its initial impact on the pharmaceutical industry well before the perceived time. The use of fermentation technology to produce antibiotics was a cornerstone for the development of the industry. This event was both before cloning (BC) and before DNA (rather than after DNA – AD). Even now the antibiotic market, which is worth over 10 billion U.S. dollars a year, is the most valuable segment of the total market, (c.200 billion dollars per year). Nevertheless the impact of biotechnology in drug discovery was until recently perceived solely to be the use of recombinant DNA techniques to produce therapeutic proteins and modified versions of them by protein engineering.There are several other places where genetic engineering is influencing drug discovery. The expression of recombinant proteins in surrogate systems (e.g. in E. coli, yeast or via baculovirus infection or in mammalian cells) provides materials for structure determination (e.g. HIV protease) and structure/function studies (e.g. various receptors). Recombinant DNA techniques are influencing assay technology by allowing access to proteins in sufficient quantity for high throughput screening.In addition, screening organisms can be constructed where a particular protein function can be measured in a microorganism by complementation or via reporter gene expression.Transgenic animals also illustrate the power of the technology for drug discovery. Not only will transgenic rats and mice be used as models of disease but also for efficacy and toxicological profiling. What is learned in transgenic rodents may well set the scene for somatic cell gene therapy in humans.

scholarly journals Characterization of an associated microfibril protein through recombinant DNA techniques.

1992 ◽  
Vol 267 (14) ◽  
pp. 10087-10095
Author(s):  
S.K. Horrigan ◽  
C.B. Rich ◽  
B.W. Streeten ◽  
Z.Y. Li ◽  
J.A. Foster
Keyword(s):  
Recombinant Dna ◽  
Recombinant Dna Techniques

Report of the committee on human gene mapping by recombinant DNA techniques

1984 ◽  
Vol 37 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 210-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.H. Skolnick ◽  
H.F. Willard ◽  
L.A. Menlove
Keyword(s):  
Gene Mapping ◽  
Recombinant Dna ◽  
Human Gene ◽  
Human Gene Mapping ◽  
Recombinant Dna Techniques

Recombinant DNA techniques; an introduction

Gene ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 26 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 323-324
Author(s):  
A.J. Podhajska
Keyword(s):  
Recombinant Dna ◽  
Recombinant Dna Techniques

Recombinant DNA techniques in diagnostic and preventive medicine

BioEssays ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Hodgkinson ◽  
Peter Scambler
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Medicine ◽  
Recombinant Dna ◽  
Recombinant Dna Techniques

scholarly journals Influenza virus hemagglutinin-specific cytotoxic T cell response induced by polypeptide produced in Escherichia coli.

1985 ◽  
Vol 162 (2) ◽  
pp. 663-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Yamada ◽  
M R Ziese ◽  
J F Young ◽  
Y K Yamada ◽  
F A Ennis
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Recombinant Dna ◽  
Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte ◽  
Nonstructural Protein ◽  
T Cell Response ◽  
Cytotoxic T Cell ◽  
Protein Immunization ◽  
Recombinant Dna Techniques

We have tested the abilities of various polypeptides of A/PR/8/34 (H1N1) virus, constructed by recombinant DNA techniques, to induce influenza virus-specific secondary cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses. A hybrid protein (c13 protein), consisting of the first 81 amino acids of viral nonstructural protein (NS1) and the HA2 subunit of viral hemagglutinin (HA), induced H-2-restricted, influenza virus subtype-specific secondary CTL in vitro, although other peptides did not. Using a recombinant virus, the viral determinant responsible for recognition was mapped to the HA2 portion of c13 protein. Immunization of mice with c13 protein induced the generation of memory CTL in vivo. The CTL precursor frequencies of A/PR/8/34 virus- and c13 protein-immune mice were estimated as one in 8,047 and 50,312, respectively. These results indicate that c13 protein primed recipient mice, even though the level of precursor frequency was below that observed in virus-immune mice.

scholarly journals Molecular biology of baculovirus and its use in biological control in Brazil

1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (10) ◽  
pp. 1733-1761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Elita Batista de Castro ◽  
Marlinda Lobo de Souza ◽  
William Sihler ◽  
Júlio Carlyle Macedo Rodrigues ◽  
Bergmann Morais Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Recombinant Dna ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Virus Propagation ◽  
Viral Particles ◽  
Occlusion Bodies ◽  
Budded Virus ◽  
Recombinant Dna Techniques ◽  
High Level ◽  
Eukaryotic Organisms

Baculoviruses are insect viruses found mainly in Lepidoptera. The family Baculoviridae is taxonomically divided in two genera, Nucleopolyhedrovirus and Granulovirus, which differ by occlusion body morphology. NPVs (Nucleopolyhedroviruses) have polyhedrical inclusion bodies (PIBs) containing multiple viral particles, while GVs (Granuloviruses) appear to be generally single particles occluded in oval shaped occlusion bodies. During the life cycle, two different viral progenies are produced: BV (Budded Virus) and PDV (Polyhedra Derived Virus), which are essential for the infectious process and virus propagation in host cells. Baculoviruses are being used for pest control and they are especially safe due to their specificity and invertebrate-restricted host range. Baculoviruses have been used as vectors for high level protein expression ofheterologous genes from prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. Also, recombinant DNA techniques have allowed the production of genetically modified viral insecticides. This study is a review on the taxonomy, structure, replication and molecular biology of baculoviruses, as well as their use as bioinsecticides in Brazil.

The Growing Role of Genetic Professionals in Forensic DNA

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Pinto
Keyword(s):  
Forensic Medicine ◽  
Tandem Repeats ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Recombinant Dna ◽  
Dna Typing ◽  
Individual Identification ◽  
Bar Code ◽  
Genomic Polymorphism ◽  
Recombinant Dna Techniques ◽  
Dna Profiles

AbstractThrough the last decade there was an enormous revolution in the field of forensic genetic.The Author reviews some of the methodologies used in the definitions of DNA profiling tackling the principles of recombinant DNA techniques. The potentiality of polymorphic DNA fragments in vertebrates is focused as well as the revolution implied in forensic medicine. The resource to DNA-DNA hybridization combined to oligonucleotide probes is emphasized leading to the production of an individual bar code with the resource of genomic polymorphism which leads to a pattern known as genetic fingerprinting. Other techniques for individual identification and paternity testing are focused as well as the use of short tandem repeats (STR's). Mitochondrial DNA sequencing use to complement nuclear DNA typing may also be profitable in certain instances. Relevant problems within the context of the use of these techniques in forensic medicine and law suits are discussed. Final considerations viewing the resource to DNA technology within the scope of the last two decades are referred regarding the resource to DNA profiles not only in the US but in Europe in general and in Portugal in special having lead to compensation and uncover of justice errors.

Fluorescent antibody techniques have allowed for the direct identification and enumeration of individual bacteria in environmental samples without requiring prior growth in culture media (Bahlool and Schmidt 1980, Cloete and Steyn 1988, Macario et al. 1989). The technique involves the use of specific antibodies raised against surface markers of defined pure cultures that are either labelled directly with fluorescent dye molecules or via a fluorescent secondary antibody. This approach has yielded important insights into the spatial distribution of microorganisms, but it suffers from a number of disadvantages. For example, expression of the antigen may be influenced by environmental factors; false-positive and false-negative results may be obtained due to cross-reactivity or lack of reaction; non-specific binding of antibodies may result in high levels of background fluorescence; and production of specific antibodies requires a pure culture of the organism of interest (Cloete and de Bruyn Various recombinant DNA techniques have subsequently been developed that are independent of cultivation methods (Fig. 1). These techniques provide ways of detecting and quantifying specific phylogenetic groups of microbes on 16S rDNA sequences, and relevant structural genes provide ways of monitoring microbial populations of environmental and industrial systems. In addition to these tools, a number of emerging technologies such as the use of biomarker genes are being increasingly used to monitor with great precision and accuracy the behaviour of microbes in the environment.

2003 ◽  
pp. 218-219
Keyword(s):  
Recombinant Dna ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Specific Binding ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Phylogenetic Groups ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Recombinant Dna Techniques
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