The Role of Retinoids in Developmental Mechanisms in Embryos

1998 ◽  
pp. 81-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malcolm Maden
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Mechanisms

The time when the “Tomte” of evolution was playing with time

2001 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-287
Author(s):  
Giorgio M. Innocenti
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Plasticity ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Developmental Constraints ◽  
Developmental Mechanisms ◽  
Differential Expansion ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Adaptive Role

Developmental constraints presumably had a major role in channeling evolution. In particular, developmental mechanisms may have coordinated the evolution of neocortex with that of other brain structures. However, the rules determining the differential expansion of different cortical territories remain to be determined as well as the adaptive role of cortical expansion versus that of the structures it is connected to. The high degree of developmental plasticity of neocortex was probably the key to its successful evolution.

Developmental mechanisms of preschool irritability and multifinality in early adolescence: The role of diurnal cortisol

2019 ◽  
Vol 100 ◽  
pp. S44
Author(s):  
Ellen Kessel ◽  
Allison Frost ◽  
Brandon Goldstein ◽  
Sarah Black ◽  
Lea Dougherty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Adolescence ◽  
Diurnal Cortisol ◽  
Developmental Mechanisms

scholarly journals Participation of Neuropeptides and β-endorphin in Pathogenesis of Atopic Dermatitis. Evaluation of Levocetirizine Effectiveness upon Neuropeptides' Levels at Children with Atopic Dermatitis

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-80
Author(s):  
V A Revyakina ◽  
A S Agaphonov ◽  
T B Sentsova ◽  
M P Phabrika
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Severe Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Neurokinin A ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Developmental Mechanisms ◽  
Days Of Therapy

Objective. Determination of the role of neuropeptides and p-endorphin in developmental mechanisms of atopic dermatitis, and assessment of the effectiveness of levocetirizine, a modern Hl-antihistamine, on atopic dermatitis symptoms and its influence on the SCORAD index in children with atopic dermatitis. Materials and methods. 84 children with atopic dermatitis of moderate-to-severe or severe clinical nature, aged 1 to 17 years, were enrolled in this (double-blind or open, randomised, etc.) study. Patients were treated with levocetirizine 5 mg once daily during 14 days. The levels of P substance, neurokinin A, neurokinin B, and p-endorphin in blood serum, as well as levocetirizine effectiveness on disease symptoms and the SCORAD index were evaluated. Results. Lower neuropeptide levels were associated with disease severity; children with severe atopic dermatitis had lower neuropeptide values. Before treatment, SCORAD index in children with severe atopic dermatitis was 76,5±11,3, and after 7 days of therapy SCORAD index was 14±6,2 points (p< 0,01). By the 7th day after treatment initiation, the acute atopic dermatitis became of subacute nature and was accompanied by a regression of the cutaneous eruption in the form of significant decreasing of skin manifestations and pruritus, absence of new eruption and normalized sleep. In children with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis the SCORAD index before levocetirizine treatment was 44,2±3,4 points; on the 3rd day, this index was 20,4±2,6 points; and on the 7th day there was a complete absence of clinical symptoms of the main disease. Levocetirizine administration led to the disappearance of the disease clinical symptoms and pruritus in children with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis. Conclusion. This trial demonstrated that neuropeptides are involved in the developmental mechanisms of atopic dermatitis and that levocetirizine can significantly improve the signs and symptoms of children with moderate-to-severe or severe atopic dermatitis.

Developmental Mechanisms for Evolutionary Novelties

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Günter P. Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Hind Limb ◽  
Positional Information ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Mechanical Stimuli ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Environmental Perturbations ◽  
Developmental Mechanisms ◽  
Evolutionary Changes ◽  
Evolutionary Novelties

This chapter examines the developmental mechanisms underlying evolutionary novelties. It first considers the role of the environment in evolutionary innovations, with particular emphasis on how environmental perturbations result in the release of cryptic genetic variation. It then explores where the positional information for novel characters comes from before explaining derived mechanical stimuli and the origin of novelties in the avian hind limb skeleton. It also discusses the origin of character identity networks and the evolution of novel signaling centers, focusing on two novel morphological characters: the butterfly eyespot and the turtle carapace. Finally, it reflects on the developmental biology of novelties, emphasizing the complex and multifaceted nature of the evolutionary changes in the developmental mechanisms that contribute to the origin of novel body parts.

scholarly journals The millennial challenge: Modelling the agentic self in context

2000 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd D. Little
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Human Agency ◽  
Scientific Development ◽  
Developmental Research ◽  
Developmental Mechanisms ◽  
Analysis Methods ◽  
New Millennium

Behind every challenge is an opportunity. As a milestone for both societal and scientific development, the new millennium highlights the growing challenge of change and diversity. Modelling the agentic self in context is the opportunity it reveals. Developmentalists can seize this opportunity by increasing our emphasis on three aspects of developmental research. First, developmental research can examine the influence of context on development more aggressively to test the generality of developmental mechanisms. Second, developmental research can integrate an organismic perspective on human development more explicitly to account for the role of human agency in development. Third, developmental research can apply advanced statistical and analysis methods more sophisticatedly to effectively model the agentic self as it evolves across time and context.

scholarly journals MiR-17-5p regulates proliferation and apoptosis of uterine fibroids via targeting ESR1

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lan Luo ◽  
Jian-Jun Cao ◽  
Hui-Min Zhang ◽  
Kun Chen ◽  
Xing-Hua Liao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Uterine Fibroids ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Developmental Mechanisms ◽  
Proliferation And Apoptosis

AbstractThe treatment of uterine fibroids and the development of new drugs depend on adeeper understanding of the developmental mechanisms of uterine fibroids. Here, the role of ESR1 and miR-17 on the uterine fibroids cell proliferation and apoptosis and their relationship were investigated in USMCs. Our results showed that ESR1 increased the proliferation of USMCs and inhibited their apoptosis. In addition, ESR1 could directly bind the promoter regionof TP53 and inhibit its expression. MiR-17 increased the apoptosis of USMCs and inhibited their proliferation via decreasing the level of ESR1 by targeting its 3’UTR. Our research provides a new understanding of the development of uterine fibroids and provides a theoretical basis for the treatment of uterine fibroids.

Developmental psychopathology: Concepts and challenges

2000 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
MICHAEL RUTTER ◽  
L. ALAN SROUFE
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Intellectual Development ◽  
Developmental Psychopathology ◽  
Major Research ◽  
Measurement Issues ◽  
Causal Processes ◽  
Developmental Mechanisms ◽  
Therapeutic Mechanisms ◽  
Heterotypic Continuity

The defining features of developmental psychopathology concepts include attention to the understanding of causal processes, appreciation of the role of developmental mechanisms, and consideration of continuities and discontinuities between normality and psychopathology. Accomplishments with respect to these issues are reviewed in relation to attachment disorders, antisocial behavior, autism, depressive disorder, schizophrenia, and intellectual development. Major research challenges remain in relation to measurement issues, comorbidity, gender differences, cognitive processing, nature–nurture interplay, heterotypic continuity, continuities between normal variations and disorders, developmental programming, and therapeutic mechanisms in effective treatments.

scholarly journals Expression of segment polarity genes in brachiopods supports a non-segmental ancestral role of engrailed for bilaterians

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno C. Vellutini ◽  
Andreas Hejnol
Keyword(s):  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Early Embryogenesis ◽  
Anterior Region ◽  
Segmentation Genes ◽  
Segment Polarity Genes ◽  
Developmental Mechanisms ◽  
Segment Polarity ◽  
Anterior Patterning

AbstractThe diverse and complex developmental mechanisms of segmentation have been more thoroughly studied in arthropods, vertebrates and annelids—distantly related animals considered to be segmented. Far less is known about the role of “segmentation genes” in organisms that lack a segmented body. Here we investigate the expression of the arthropod segment polarity genes engrailed, wnt1 and hedgehog in the development of brachiopods—marine invertebrates without a subdivided trunk but closely related to the segmented annelids. We found that a stripe of engrailed expression demarcates the ectodermal boundary that delimits the anterior region of Terebratalia transversa and Novocrania anomala embryos. In T. transversa, this engrailed domain is abutted by a stripe of wnt1 expression in a pattern similar to the parasegment boundaries of insects—except for the expression of hedgehog, which is restricted to endodermal tissues of the brachiopod embryos. We found that pax6 and pax2/5/8, putative regulators of engrailed, also demarcate the anterior boundary in the two species, indicating these genes might be involved in the anterior patterning of brachiopod larvae. In a comparative phylogenetic context, these findings suggest that bilaterians might share an ancestral, non-segmental domain of engrailed expression during early embryogenesis.

Role of dactinomycin in the improved survival of children with Wilms' tumor

JAMA ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 195 (12) ◽  
pp. 1005-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Fernbach
Keyword(s):  
Wilms Tumor
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