Insights into Reproductive Strategies and Sexual Selection in Howler Monkeys

2014 ◽  
pp. 57-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarie Van Belle ◽  
Júlio César Bicca-Marques
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Reproductive Strategies ◽  
Howler Monkeys

scholarly journals Sex ratio effects on reproductive strategies in humans

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 140402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Schacht ◽  
Monique Borgerhoff Mulder
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Reproductive Strategies ◽  
Situational Factors ◽  
Male Mating ◽  
Mating Effort ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Adult Sex Ratio ◽  
Using Data

Characterizations of coy females and ardent males are rooted in models of sexual selection that are increasingly outdated. Evolutionary feedbacks can strongly influence the sex roles and subsequent patterns of sex differentiated investment in mating effort, with a key component being the adult sex ratio (ASR). Using data from eight Makushi communities of southern Guyana, characterized by varying ASRs contingent on migration, we show that even within a single ethnic group, male mating effort varies in predictable ways with the ASR. At male-biased sex ratios, men's and women's investment in mating effort are indistinguishable; only when men are in the minority are they more inclined towards short-term, low investment relationships than women. Our results support the behavioural ecological tenet that reproductive strategies are predictable and contingent on varying situational factors.

scholarly journals Postcopulatory sexual selection influences baculum evolution in primates and carnivores

2016 ◽  
Vol 283 (1844) ◽  
pp. 20161736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matilda Brindle ◽  
Christopher Opie
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Reproductive Strategies ◽  
Morphological Variability ◽  
Breeding Systems ◽  
Seasonal Breeding ◽  
Adaptive Function ◽  
Evolutionary Trajectory ◽  
Postcopulatory Sexual Selection ◽  
Phylogenetic Framework ◽  
Postcopulatory Selection

The extreme morphological variability of the baculum across mammals is thought to be the result of sexual selection (particularly, high levels of postcopulatory selection). However, the evolutionary trajectory of the mammalian baculum is little studied and evidence for the adaptive function of the baculum has so far been elusive. Here, we use Markov chain Monte Carlo methods implemented in a Bayesian phylogenetic framework to reconstruct baculum evolution across the mammalian class and investigate the rate of baculum length evolution within the primate order. We then test the effects of testes mass (postcopulatory sexual selection), polygamy, seasonal breeding and intromission duration on the baculum in primates and carnivores. The ancestral mammal did not have a baculum, but both ancestral primates and carnivores did. No relationship was found between testes mass and baculum length in either primates or carnivores. Intromission duration correlated with baculum presence over the course of primate evolution, and prolonged intromission predicts significantly longer bacula in extant primates and carnivores. Both polygamous and seasonal breeding systems predict significantly longer bacula in primates. These results suggest the baculum plays an important role in facilitating reproductive strategies in populations with high levels of postcopulatory sexual selection.

Reproductive strategies in hermaphroditic gastropods: conceptual and empirical approaches

2013 ◽  
Vol 91 (6) ◽  
pp. 367-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yumi Nakadera ◽  
Joris M. Koene
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Reproductive Strategy ◽  
Reproductive Strategies ◽  
Sex Allocation ◽  
Fitness Consequences ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Empirical Approaches

An individual optimizes its reproductive success by adopting a particular reproductive strategy. Studying the details of a reproductive strategy leads to an understanding of how sexual selection acts, as the former is the process via which the individual reproduces successfully. Hermaphroditic gastropods display a bewildering diversity of reproductive strategies, which may be due to their mode of gender expression, when compared with well-studied separate-sexed species. Extensive theoretical, observational, and experimental research has been conducted on this topic. However, despite our knowledge about the reproductive system of hermaphroditic gastropods, we still need to fill the gap between pre- and post-copulatory processes and reproductive success. Here, we review and propose conceptual and empirical approaches aimed at understanding reproductive strategies of hermaphroditic gastropods. In sum, our suggestions are (i) to focus on sex-biased traits, (ii) to take biologically reliable measurements at both the pre- and post-copulatory level that relate to reproductive success, and (iii) to examine the fitness consequences of biased sex allocation.

scholarly journals Ecology and the diversification of reproductive strategies in viviparous fishes

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Tobler ◽  
Zachary Culumber
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Life History ◽  
Reproductive Strategies ◽  
Life History Evolution ◽  
Evolutionary Transitions ◽  
Cascading Effects ◽  
High Resource ◽  
Correlated Patterns ◽  
Maternal Provisioning ◽  
Provisioning Strategies

AbstractShifts in life history evolution can potentiate sexual selection and speciation. However, we rarely understand the causative links between correlated patterns of diversification or the tipping points that initiate changes with cascading effects. We investigated livebearing fishes with repeated transitions from pre- (lecithotrophy) to post-fertilization maternal provisioning (matrotrophy) to identify the potential ecological drivers of evolutionary transitions in life history. Phylogenetic comparative analyses across 94 species revealed that bi-directional evolution along the lecithotrophy-matrotrophy continuum is correlated with ecology, supporting adaptive hypotheses of life history diversification. Consistent with theory, matrotrophy was associated with high resource availability and low competition. Our results suggest that ecological sources of selection contribute to the diversification of female provisioning strategies in livebearing fishes, which have been associated with macroevolutionary patterns of sexual selection and speciation.

scholarly journals Ecological-evolutionary ethology of the amphibians: conceptual synthesis of research results at regional and European level

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tudor Cozari ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Reproductive Behavior ◽  
Reproductive Strategies ◽  
European Level ◽  
Republic Of Moldova ◽  
Parental Input ◽  
The Republic ◽  
First Time ◽  
Fundamental Mechanism

Following long-term investigations of over 50 amphibian populations in the Republic of Moldova and Italy, the ecological and evolutionary peculiarities of reproductive behavior in some species of the orders Caudata and Anura were elucidated. For the first time, at the autecological and synecological level, the evaluation of amphibian nuptial systems - parental input, reproductive success, “r” and “K” reproductive strategies and their role in the evolution of sexual selection and the realization of the reproduction potential as a fundamental mechanism for the survival of amphibian populations in various environmental conditions was emphasized.

Etologia ecologico-evolutiva a amfibienilor: sinteza conceptuala a rezultatelor investigatiilor la nivel regional si european

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tudor Cozari ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Reproductive Behavior ◽  
Reproductive Strategies ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Republic Of Moldova ◽  
Parental Contribution ◽  
The Republic ◽  
First Time ◽  
Fundamental Mechanism

Following from long investigations of more than 50 populations of amphibians from the Republic of Moldova and Italy were elucidated ecological particularities and evolutionary reproductive behavior of some species of Caudata and Anura Orders. For the first time, on Autecological & Sinecological level, has been made assessment of nuptial systems of amphibians – of parental contribution, reproductive success, „r” & „K” reproductive strategies and their role in sexual selection and evolution the attainment of reproductive potential as a fundamental mechanism of survival of amphibian populations in various ambient conditions.

Evolution of alternative reproductive strategies: frequency-dependent sexual selection in male bluegill sunfish

1991 ◽  
Vol 332 (1262) ◽  
pp. 59-66 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Reproductive Strategies ◽  
Lepomis Macrochirus ◽  
Stable State ◽  
Bluegill Sunfish ◽  
Frequency Dependent ◽  
Male Reproductive Strategies ◽  
Negative Frequency Dependent Selection ◽  
Parental Strategies ◽  
Evolutionarily Stable

This study provides empirical evidence in a wild population for frequency-dependent sexual selection between alternative male reproductive strategies. The bluegill sunfish ( Lepomis macrochirus ) has two male reproductive strategies, cuckolder or parental, used by different males to compete in fertilizing the same eggs. As the density of cuckolders in colonies of parental males increases, the average mating success of cuckolders initially peaks but then declines. The cuckolder density at which their success peaks is determined by ecological characteristics of each colony. A theoretical analysis assuming random and omniscient cuckolder distributions among ecologically different colonies shows that cuckolders will fertilize decreasing proportions of eggs, relative to parental males, as cuckolders increase in frequency in the population. This supports evolutionary models that assume negative frequency-dependent selection between the competing strategies. Cuckolder and parental strategies may therefore have evolved as an Evolutionarily Stable State (ESST).

scholarly journals Baffling: A cheater strategy using self-made tools in tree crickets

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rittik Deb ◽  
Sambita Modak ◽  
Rohini Balakrishnan
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Mate Choice ◽  
Reproductive Strategies ◽  
Sperm Transfer ◽  
Alternative Strategy ◽  
Mate Attraction ◽  
Loud Calls ◽  
Male Tree ◽  
Tree Cricket

AbstractIntense sexual selection in the form of mate choice can facilitate the evolution of different alternative reproductive strategies. These strategies can be condition-dependent, wherein genetically similar individuals express the strategy based on their condition. Our study shows that baffling, a mate attraction strategy using self-made acoustic amplifiers, employed by male tree crickets, is a classic example of a condition-dependent alternative strategy. We show that less preferred males, who are smaller or produce less loud calls, predominantly use this alternative strategy. Baffling allows these males to increase their call loudness and advertisement range, and attract a higher number of mates. Baffling also allows these males to deceive females into mating for longer durations with them. Our results suggest that the advantage of baffling in terms of sperm transfer is primarily limited to less preferred males, thus maintaining the polymorphism of calling strategies in the population.Impact statementThis study shows that less preferred tree cricket males use an alternative signaling strategy to call louder, thus attracting and mating with otherwise choosy females using deception.

scholarly journals Male reproductive strategies in black and gold howler monkeys ( Alouatta caraya )

2013 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana I. Oklander ◽  
Martin Kowalewski ◽  
Daniel Corach
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Strategies ◽  
Alouatta Caraya ◽  
Howler Monkeys ◽  
Male Reproductive Strategies
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