Central Aortic Pressure, Arterial Compliance: Emerging Tools to Identify and Guide Therapy for High-Risk African American Patients

2014 ◽  
pp. 151-161
Author(s):  
Yonghong Huan ◽  
Debbie L. Cohen ◽  
Raymond R. Townsend
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Arterial Compliance ◽  
Aortic Pressure ◽  
Central Aortic Pressure

EFFECT OF ATRIAL FIBRILLATION ON MEASURES OF ARTERIAL COMPLIANCE AND CENTRAL AORTIC PRESSURE

2004 ◽  
Vol 22 (Suppl. 1) ◽  
pp. S25
Author(s):  
Binita Jani ◽  
F. Dockery ◽  
C J Bulpitt ◽  
C Rajkumar
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Arterial Compliance ◽  
Aortic Pressure ◽  
Central Aortic Pressure

Physical basis of pressure transfer from periphery to aorta: a model-based study

1998 ◽  
Vol 274 (4) ◽  
pp. H1386-H1392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikos Stergiopulos ◽  
Berend E. Westerhof ◽  
Nico Westerhof
Keyword(s):  
Transfer Function ◽  
Delay Time ◽  
Wave Speed ◽  
Diastolic Pressure ◽  
Arterial Compliance ◽  
Aortic Pressure ◽  
Considerable Effect ◽  
Distributed Model ◽  
Arterial Tree ◽  
Central Aortic Pressure

We propose a new method to derive aortic pressure from peripheral pressure and velocity by using a time domain approach. Peripheral pressure is separated into its forward and backward components, and these components are then shifted with a delay time, which is the ratio of wave speed and distance, and added again to reconstruct aortic pressure. We tested the method on a distributed model of the human systemic arterial tree. From carotid and brachial artery pressure and velocity, aortic systolic and diastolic pressure could be predicted within 0.3 and 0.1 mmHg and 0.4 and 1.0 mmHg, respectively. The central aortic pressure wave shape was also predicted accurately from carotid and brachial pressure and velocity (root mean square error: 1.07 and 1.56 mmHg, respectively). The pressure transfer function depends on the reflection coefficient at the site of peripheral measurement and the delay time. A 50% decrease in arterial compliance had a considerable effect on reconstructed pressure when the control transfer function was used. A 70% decrease in arm resistance did not affect the reconstructed pressure. The transfer function thus depends on wave speed but has little dependence on vasoactive state. We conclude that central aortic pressure and the transfer function can be derived from peripheral pressure and velocity.

Arterial vasodilatory and ventricular diastolic reserves determine the stroke volume response to exercise in elderly female hypertensive patients

2011 ◽  
Vol 301 (6) ◽  
pp. H2433-H2441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Sahlén ◽  
Goran Abdula ◽  
Mikael Norman ◽  
Aristomenis Manouras ◽  
Lars-Åke Brodin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Arterial Compliance ◽  
Characteristic Impedance ◽  
Aortic Pressure ◽  
Exponential Relationship ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Elderly Female ◽  
End Diastolic Volume

Elderly female hypertensives with arterial stiffening constitute a majority of patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), a condition characterized by inability to increase cardiac stroke volume (SV) with physical exercise. As SV is determined by the interaction between the left ventricle (LV) and its load, we wished to study the role of arterial hemodynamics for exertional SV reserve in patients at high risk of HFpEF. Twenty-one elderly (67 ± 9 yr) female hypertensive patients were studied at rest and during supine bicycle stress using echocardiography including pulsed-wave Doppler to record flow in the LV outflow tract and arterial tonometry for central arterial pressure waveforms. Arterial compliance was estimated based on an exponential relationship between pressure and volume. The ratio of aortic pressure-to-flow in early systole was used to derive characteristic impedance, which was subsequently subtracted from total resistance (mean arterial pressure/cardiac output) to yield systemic vascular resistance (SVR). It was found that patients with depressed SV reserve ( NoRes; reserve <15%; n = 10) showed decreased arterial compliance during exercise, while patients with SV reserve ≥15% ( Res; n = 11) showed increased compliance. Exercise produced parallel increases in LV end-diastolic volume and arterial volume in Res patients while NoRes patients exhibited a lesser decrease in SVR and a drop in effective arterial volume. Poor SV reserve in elderly female hypertensives is due to simultaneous failure of LV preload and arterial vasodilatory reserves. Abnormal arterial function contributes to a high risk of HFpEF in these patients.

Multisystemic Therapy Improves Asthma Management in High- Risk African American Teens

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Naar-King ◽  
D. Ellis ◽  
P.S. King ◽  
P. Lam ◽  
P. Cunningham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Asthma Management ◽  
Multisystemic Therapy

HIV and STD Prevention for High-Risk, Inner-City, African American Youth

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Romer ◽  
Ralph DiClemente ◽  
Lawrence Brown ◽  
Peter Vanable ◽  
Robert Valois
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Inner City ◽  
African American Youth ◽  
Std Prevention

STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL VASCULAR CHANGES IN HIGH NORMAL ARTERIAL PRESSURE

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-11
Author(s):  
P. Nikolov
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Pulse Wave Velocity ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Pulse Pressure ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Augmentation Index ◽  
Aortic Pressure ◽  
Large Arteries ◽  
Central Aortic Pressure ◽  
Significant Difference

The PURPUSE of the present study is changes in function and structure of large arteries in individuals with High Normal Arterial Pressure (HNAP) to be established. MATERIAL and METHODS: Structural and functional changes in the large arteries were investigated in 80 individuals with HNAP and in 45 with optimal arterial pressure (OAP). In terms of arterial stiffness, pulse wave velocity (PWV), augmentation index (AI), central aortic pressure (CAP), pulse pressure (PP) were followed up in HNAP group. Intima media thickness (IMT), flow-induced vasodilatation (FMD), ankle-brachial index (ABI) were also studied. RESULTS: Significantly increased values of pulse wave velocity, augmentation index, central aortic pressure, pulse pressure are reported in the HNAP group. In terms of IMT and ABI, being in the reference interval, there is no significant difference between HNAP and OAP groups. The calculated cardiovascular risk (CVR) in both groups is low. CONCLUSION: Significantly higher values of pulse wave velocity, augmentation index, central aortic pressure and pulse pressure in the HNAP group are reported.

Central aortic pressure in aortic aneurysm and aortic dissection: a novel prognostic marker

2010 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Moon ◽  
S.-H. Lee ◽  
Y.-g. Ko ◽  
Y. Jang ◽  
W.-H. Shim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aortic Aneurysm ◽  
Aortic Dissection ◽  
Prognostic Marker ◽  
Aortic Pressure ◽  
Central Aortic Pressure
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