Histological Analysis of the Developmental Stages of Direct Somatic Embryogenesis Induced from In Vitro Leaf Explants of Date Palm

2017 ◽  
pp. 145-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ola H. Abdelbar
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Histological Analysis ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Direct Somatic Embryogenesis

scholarly journals Effect of Plant Growth Regulators on Somatic Embryogenesis and Plantlet Development of Turkey Berry (Solanum torvum SW)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Ghan Singh Maloth ◽  
Rajinikanth Marka ◽  
Rama Swamy Nanna
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Plant Regeneration ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Direct Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Solanum Torvum ◽  
Plantlet Formation ◽  
Regenerated Plants

In the present study it was reported on direct somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from cotyledon and leaf explants of Turkey berry/pea egg plant (Solanum torvum SW), a medicinally important plant. Somatic embryogenesis has several advantages over other routes of in vitro plant regeneration. Somatic embryogenesis was induced directly from cotyledon and leaf explants on MS medium fortified with BAP (0.5 mg/L)+NAA (0.5-6.0 mg/L). High percentage of somatic embryogenesis (90%), maximum number of somatic embryos formation (62±0.18)  along with high percentage (76%) conversion of somatic embryos into bipolar embryos was observed on cotyledon explants in 0.5 mg/L BAP+2.5 mg/L NAA. At the same concentration of BAP (0.5 mg/L)+NAA (2.5 mg/L) also resulted  on the maximum percentage of somatic embryogenesis (92%), the highest number of somatic embryos formation (88±0.15) and the highest percentage (76%) of somatic embryos conversion into bipolar embryos in leaf explants. A mixture of globular, heart and torpedo-shaped embryos were germinated on MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L IAA+1.0-4.0 mg/L BAP. Maximum germination frequency (75±0.14) of somatic embryos and plantlet formation was found in 0.5 mg/L IAA+2.0 mg/L BAP, but they didn’t germinate on ½ MSO and MSO media. The survival rate of regenerated plants after field transfer was recorded to be 75%. These regenerated plants were found morphologically similar to donor plants. The present protocol can be used for conservation of the species and also for genetic transformation experiments in S. torvum.

scholarly journals Different Developmental Stages of Mother Plants Induct Different Morphogenesis Pathways in In Vitro Culture of Fritillaria imperialis and Fritillaria persica

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 984D-985
Author(s):  
Ahmad Khalighi ◽  
Manijeh Mohammadi Dehcheshmeh ◽  
Esmaeil Ebrahimie ◽  
Manoochehr Sardari ◽  
Rohangiz Naderi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Cold Treatment ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Direct Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Mother Plants ◽  
First Time ◽  
Effect Of Light

Fritillaria imperialis and Fritillaria persica are important medicinal and ornamental plants that are native to Iran. Wild populations of Fritillaria are at risk of extinction. For the first time, capability of developmental stages in respect to induction of different morphogenesis pathways from petal tissue was studied in detail. The developmental stages were green unopened flowers, colored unopened flowers, and open flowers. Direct bulblet regeneration and direct somatic embryogenesis were observed from green unopened flowers in both F. imperialis and F. persica. More bulblet regeneration was produced in F. imperialis in contrast with F. persica in colored unopened flowers. Somatic embryogenesis via callus was established in green unopened flowers of F. persica with cold pretreatment. The effect of light on induction of different morphogenesis pathways was nonsignificant except for green unopened flowers of F. persica with cold treatment. Our results showed that the developmental stages of petal explants play a significant role in micropropagation of Fritillaria and induction of different morphogenesis pathways.

scholarly journals (291) Plant Regeneration through Direct Somatic Embryogenesis in Homalomena `Emerald Gem'

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 1078A-1078
Author(s):  
Qian Zhang ◽  
Jianjun Chen ◽  
Richard J. Henny
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Plant Regeneration ◽  
Somatic Embryo ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Multiple Shoot ◽  
Direct Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Induction Medium ◽  
Ms Medium

Homalomena `Emerald Gem' is an important ornamental foliage plant and widely used for interior plantscaping. Current propagation of this cultivar has been primarily carried out through in vitro culture by organogenesis; regeneration through somatic embryogenesis has not been documented. This report describes successful plant regeneration via direct somatic embryogenesis from explants of different organs. Somatic embryos formed at and around the cut surface of petiole, spathe, and peduncle explants. Embryos also appeared at the base between expanded ovaries of the spadix segment, and around midrib of leaf explants. The optimal treatments for somatic embryo occurrence from petiole, spathe, and peduncle explants were MS medium containing 0.2 mg/L NAA or 0.5 mg/L 2, 4-D with 2.0 mg/L CPPU, and for spadix explants were MS medium with 0.5 mg/L PAA and 2.5 mg/L TDZ. Somatic embryos appeared 6 to 8 weeks after culture and formed large embryo clumps in 3 to 4 months. Somatic embryos produced more secondary embryos and geminated on induction medium. Multiple shoot development and plant regeneration occurred from somatic embryo clusters on MS medium without hormone or with 2 mg/L BA and 0.2 mg/L NAA. The regenerated plants grew vigorously after transplanting to a soilless container substrate in a shaded greenhouse.

scholarly journals In vitro culture of Cucumis sativus L. VI. Histological analysis of leaf explants cultured on media with 2, 4-D or 2, 4, 5-T

2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Nadolska-Orczyk ◽  
Stefan Malepszy
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Cucumis Sativus ◽  
Histological Analysis ◽  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Meristematic Tissue ◽  
Cucumis Sativus L ◽  
Meristematic Cells ◽  
Cellular Aggregates

The developmental sequence of callus initiation and somatic embryogenesis in leaf explants of <em>Cucumis sativus</em> cv. Borszczagowski was analysed and compared on media containing two different auxin phenoxy-derivatives (2,4-D and 2,4,5-T) and cytokinin (BAP or 2iP). During the first 20 days of culture on media with 2,4,5-T proliferation of parenchymatic tissue occurred mainly and only small meristematic centers were observed. There was an intensive detachment of parenchymatic cells and dissociation of their cell walls near vessels and in the lower part of the explant adjacent to the medium. These cells were strongly plasmolysed. On the 2,4-D containing medium mostly meristematic tissue developed, proliferating around vascular bundles and forming meristematic centers or promeristem-like structures. After 35-50 days of culture, secondary callus was formed by separation of meristematic cells from the meristem surface in explants cultured on the 2,4-D containing medium. On medium supplemented with 2, 4, 5-T the detachment of parenchymatic and meristematic cells occurred, along with formation of a gel-like substance. The gel-like callus contained multi-cellular aggregates, proembryoids and embryoids. This type of callus tissue was initiated more intensively on medium with 2, 4, 5-T, but the frequency of somatic embryogenesis was much lower. The periferial cells of aggregates, proembryoids and embryoids showed the tendency to separate from the surface of the tissue. Many embryoids formed adventitious embryos.

scholarly journals In vitro somatic embryogenesis of superior clones of robusta coffee from Lampung, Indonesia: Effect of genotypes and callus induction media

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dwi Hapsoro ◽  
Rahmadyah Hamiranti ◽  
Yusnita Yusnita
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Callus Induction ◽  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Regeneration Medium ◽  
Embryogenic Calli ◽  
Robusta Coffee ◽  
Primary Callus ◽  
Ascorbic Acids ◽  
Superior Clones

Abstract. Hapsoro D, Hamiranti R, Yusnita Y. 2020. In vitro somatic embryogenesis of superior clones of robusta coffee from Lampung, Indonesia: Effect of genotypes and callus induction media. Biodiversitas 21: 3811-3817. This study aimed to investigate the effects of genotypes and primary callus induction media on somatic embryogenesis of superior robusta coffee clones of Lampung. Leaf explants of clones Tugusari, Komari, Tugino, and Wanto were cultured on two types of primary callus induction media (PCIM). PCIM1 consisted of half-strength MS salts, 30 gL-1 sucrose, added with (mgL-1) 0.1 thiamine-HCl, 0.5 nicotinic acids, 0.5 pyridoxine-HCl, 100 Myo-inositol, 200 ascorbic acids, 150 citric acids, and 1 benzyl adenine. PCIM2 consisted of NPCM salts, 30 gL-1 sucrose, added with (mgL-1) 15 thiamine-HCl, 1 nicotinic acid, 1 pyridoxine-HCl, 2 glycines, 130 Myo-inositol, 200 ascorbic acids, 150 citric acids, 1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, and 2 thidiazuron. The highest percentage (100%) of primary callus formation was found in Komari and Wanto clones. PCIM2 resulted in more primary calli than PCIM1. When subcultured to embryogenic callus induction medium, primary calli of clone Komari and Wanto developed into a high percentage of embryogenic calli, while those of the other two turned brown and died. PCIM2-derived primary calli developed into more embryogenic calli. When subcultured on somatic embryo (SE) regeneration medium, these calli underwent the formation of SE of various stages. When subcultured to plant regeneration medium, these SEs developed into plantlets.

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