scholarly journals Different Developmental Stages of Mother Plants Induct Different Morphogenesis Pathways in In Vitro Culture of Fritillaria imperialis and Fritillaria persica

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 984D-985
Author(s):  
Ahmad Khalighi ◽  
Manijeh Mohammadi Dehcheshmeh ◽  
Esmaeil Ebrahimie ◽  
Manoochehr Sardari ◽  
Rohangiz Naderi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Cold Treatment ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Direct Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Mother Plants ◽  
First Time ◽  
Effect Of Light

Fritillaria imperialis and Fritillaria persica are important medicinal and ornamental plants that are native to Iran. Wild populations of Fritillaria are at risk of extinction. For the first time, capability of developmental stages in respect to induction of different morphogenesis pathways from petal tissue was studied in detail. The developmental stages were green unopened flowers, colored unopened flowers, and open flowers. Direct bulblet regeneration and direct somatic embryogenesis were observed from green unopened flowers in both F. imperialis and F. persica. More bulblet regeneration was produced in F. imperialis in contrast with F. persica in colored unopened flowers. Somatic embryogenesis via callus was established in green unopened flowers of F. persica with cold pretreatment. The effect of light on induction of different morphogenesis pathways was nonsignificant except for green unopened flowers of F. persica with cold treatment. Our results showed that the developmental stages of petal explants play a significant role in micropropagation of Fritillaria and induction of different morphogenesis pathways.

Somatic Embryogenesis and In vitro Plant Regeneration in Vigna trilobata (L.) Verd. - A Potential Pasture Legume

1970 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-99
Author(s):  
K. Choudhary ◽  
M. Singh ◽  
M. S. Rathore ◽  
N. S. Shekhawat
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Continuous Application ◽  
First Time ◽  
Pasture Legume

This long term study demonstrates for the first time that it is possible to propagate embryogenic Vigna trilobata and to subsequently initiate the differentiation of embryos into complete plantlets. Initiation of callus was possible on 2,4-D. Somatic embryos differentiated on modified MS basal nutrient medium with 1.0 mg/l  of 2,4-D and 0.5 mg/l  of Kn. Sustained cell division resulted in globular and heart shape stages of somatic embryos. Transfer of embryos on to a fresh modified MS basal medium with 0.5 mg/l of Kn and 0.5 mg/l of GA3 helped them to attain maturation and germination. However, the propagation of cells, as well as the differentiation of embryos, were inhibited by a continuous application of these growth regulators. For this reason, a long period on medium lacking these growth regulators was necessary before the differentiation of embryos occurred again. The consequences for improving the propagation of embryogenic cultures in Vigna species are discussed. Key words: Pasture  legume, Vigna trilobata, Globular, Heart shape, somatic embryogenesis D.O.I. 10.3329/ptcb.v19i1.4990 Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 19(1): 89-99, 2009 (June)

Development of Haemoglobin by De-embryonated Chick Blastoderms Cultured in vitro and the Effect of Abnormal RNA upon its Synthesis

Development ◽  
1961 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 202-221
Author(s):  
B. R. A. O'Brien
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Specific Protein ◽  
Cytoplasmic Protein ◽  
Whole Cells ◽  
Restricted Group ◽  
Dividing Cells ◽  
First Time ◽  
Structural Code

The embryo provides a sequence of developmental stages in which proteins both structural and enzymatic appear or become detectable for the first time in a restricted group of dividing cells. The cells or tissues can be maintained in vitro for a period that may precede and include the synthesis of a specific ‘cytoplasmic’ protein. In this way systems of protein synthesis within the cells of higher organisms can be studied during those stages in which current hypotheses suggest that some structural code is passed on from the DNA of the nucleus to the cytoplasm where the synthesis of the protein becomes maximal. Acellular preparations have contributed much to the elucidation of protein synthesis, but it is doubtful whether actual net synthesis has been obtained in systems less complex than the ‘protoplast’ developed by Spiegelman (1957). In order to study the synthesis of a specific protein it seems necessary at this stage to use whole cells.

scholarly journals In vitro regeneration and somatic embryogenesis in citrus

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
El Sawy A Mohamed ◽  
Amina Gomaa ◽  
Nancy Danial
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Genetic Stability ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Rapd Analysis ◽  
In Vitro Regeneration ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Mother Plants

Better results were obtained when stigma explants of variegated lemon and citron were used. After ten months, somatic embryos developed into plantlets at a frequency ranged from 13.3 for lime to 66.7% for lemon. Virus presence was tested by ELISA and RT?PCR. The results indicated that the plantlets regenerated through somatic embryogenesis are CTV?free. RAPD analysis was used to asses the genetic stability of plantlets as compared to the mother plants. The results indicated that most plantlets belong to the respective mother plants and the polymorphism percentage was genotype and explant?dependant.Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 24(2): 247-262, 2014 (December

scholarly journals Somatic embryogenesis in in vitro culture of Plantago asiatica L.

2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 245-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Makowczyńska ◽  
Emilia Andrzejewska-Golec
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
In Vitro Culture ◽  
Direct Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Plantago Asiatica ◽  
Somatic Organogenesis

Early stages of direct somatic embryogenesis in <em>Plantago asiatica</em> were observed by light microscopy. In calli of <em>Plantago asiatica</em> two phenomena occurred simultaneously: somatic organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis.

scholarly journals Somatic Embryogenesis and Organogenesis in Magnolia dealbata Zucc. (Magnoliaceae), an Endangered, Endemic Mexican Species

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 1325-1329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martín Mata-Rosas ◽  
Ángel Jiménez-Rodríguez ◽  
Victor M. Chávez-Avila
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Direct Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Direct Organogenesis ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Zygotic Embryos ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Magnolia Dealbata

Plants of Magnolia dealbata were regenerated from zygotic embryos through somatic embryogenesis and direct organogenesis. Medium and incubation conditions were determinating factors for the development of morphogenetic responses. Photoperiodic exposure was a limiting factor in the general development of the explants, and incubation in darkness allowed their development. The highest formation of shoots per responding explant were obtained on woody plant (WP) medium supplemented with 13.3 μM or 22.2 μM 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) in combination with 2.26 μM or in absence of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) from which 2.5 shoots per explant were induced. Subcultures on WP medium, supplemented with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PUP) 40,000 1 g·L–1) avoided necrosis of explants. Somatic embryos were formed in 85% of explants cultivated on WP medium with 2,4-D (2.3 μM or 4.5 μM); 20% induced indirect embryogenesis and 65% formed direct somatic embryogenesis. The plants were transferred to soil to acclimatize under greenhouse conditions, achieving 90% survival. Somatic embryo conversion to plantlets was obtained with subculture on WP basal medium without growth regulators. In vitro culture can play a key role in the propagation and conservation of this endangered species.

scholarly journals HTS-Based Monitoring of the Efficiency of Somatic Embryogenesis and Meristem Cultures Used for Virus Elimination in Grapevine

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1782
Author(s):  
Mihaly Turcsan ◽  
Emese Demian ◽  
Tunde Varga ◽  
Nikoletta Jaksa-Czotter ◽  
Erno Szegedi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Meristem Culture ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Virus Elimination ◽  
Mother Plants ◽  
Virus Diagnostics ◽  
Grapevine Pinot Gris Virus ◽  
First Time

Meristem culture and somatic embryogenesis are effective tools for virus elimination of vegetatively propagated crops including grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.). While both have been shown to be useful to eliminate the main grapevine viruses, their efficiency differs depending on the virus and grapevine variety. In our work, we investigated the efficiency of these two virus elimination methods using small RNA high-throughput sequencing (HTS) and RT-PCR as virus diagnostics. Field grown mother plants of four clones representing three cultivars, infected with different viruses and viroids, were selected for elimination via somatic embryogenesis (SE) and meristem culture (ME). Our results show for the first time that using SE, elimination in mother plants was effective for all viruses, i.e., grapevine rupestris vein feathering virus (GRVFV), grapevine Syrah virus 1 (GSyV-1), Grapevine virus T (GVT) and grapevine Pinot gris virus (GPGV). This study also confirms previous studies showing that SE is a possible strategy for the elimination of GFkV, GRSPaV, HSVd, and GYSVd-1. Our results demonstrate that the efficacy of virus elimination via SE is relatively high while the purging of viroids is lower. Our work provides evidence that the efficiency of SE is comparable to that of the technically difficult ME technique, and that SE will offer a more effective strategy for the production of virus-free grapevine in the future.

scholarly journals Chemical Compositions, Somatic Embryogenesis, and Somaclonal Variation in Cumin

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moslem Bahmankar ◽  
Seyed Mohammad Mahdi Mortazavian ◽  
Masoud Tohidfar ◽  
Seyed Ahmad Sadat Noori ◽  
Ali Izadi Darbandi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Ascorbate Peroxidase ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Somaclonal Variations ◽  
Regenerated Plants ◽  
Mother Plants ◽  
Primary Explant ◽  
The Relationship

This is the first report evaluating the relationship between the chemical compositions of cumin seeds (based on the analysis of the content of catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, proline, protein, terpenic compounds, alcohol/phenols, aldehydes, and epoxides) and the induction efficiency of somatic embryogenesis in two Iranian superior cumin landraces (Golestan and North Khorasan). Cotyledons isolated from Golestan landrace seeds cultivated on MS medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/L kinetin proved to be the best primary explant for the induction of somatic embryogenesis as well as the regeneration of the whole plantlet. Results indicated that different developmental stages of somatic embryos were simultaneously observed on a callus with embryogenic potential. The high content of catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, proline, and terpenic hydrocarbons and low content of alcoholic and phenolic compositions had a stimulatory effect on somatic embryogenesis. Band patterns of RAPD markers in regenerated plants were different from those of the mother plants. This may be related to somaclonal variations or pollination system of cumin. Generally, measurement of chemical compositions can be used as a marker for evaluating the occurrence of somatic embryogenesis in cumin. Also, somaclonal variations of regenerated plants can be applied by the plant breeders in breeding programs.

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