Fluorescence “In Situ” Hybridization for the Detection of Biofilm in the Middle Ear and Upper Respiratory Tract Mucosa

2009 ◽  
pp. 191-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Nistico ◽  
Armin Gieseke ◽  
Paul Stoodley ◽  
Luanne Hall-Stoodley ◽  
Joseph E. Kerschner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Upper Respiratory

Localization of Human Rhinovirus Replication in the Upper Respiratory Tract by In Situ Hybridization

1995 ◽  
Vol 171 (5) ◽  
pp. 1329-1333 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Arruda ◽  
T. R. Boyle ◽  
B. Winther ◽  
D. C. Pevear ◽  
J. M. Gwaltney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Human Rhinovirus ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Upper Respiratory

scholarly journals Toll-Like Receptors: Expression and Roles in Otitis Media

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (15) ◽  
pp. 7868
Author(s):  
Su Young Jung ◽  
Dokyoung Kim ◽  
Dong Choon Park ◽  
Sung Soo Kim ◽  
Tong In Oh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Toll Like Receptors ◽  
Upper Respiratory

Otitis media is mainly caused by upper respiratory tract infection and eustachian tube dysfunction. If external upper respiratory tract infection is not detected early in the middle ear, or an appropriate immune response does not occur, otitis media can become a chronic state or complications may occur. Therefore, given the important role of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in the early response to external antigens, we surveyed the role of TLRs in otitis media. To summarize the role of TLR in otitis media, we reviewed articles on the expression of TLRs in acute otitis media (AOM), otitis media with effusion (OME), chronic otitis media (COM) with cholesteatoma, and COM without cholesteatoma. Many studies showed that TLRs 1–10 are expressed in AOM, OME, COM with cholesteatoma, and COM without cholesteatoma. TLR expression in the normal middle ear mucosa is absent or weak, but is increased in inflammatory fluid of AOM, effusion of OME, and granulation tissue and cholesteatoma of COM. In addition, TLRs show increased or decreased expression depending on the presence or absence of bacteria, recurrence of disease, tissue type, and repeated surgery. In conclusion, expression of TLRs is associated with otitis media. Inappropriate TLR expression, or delayed or absent induction, are associated with the occurrence, recurrence, chronicization, and complications of otitis media. Therefore, TLRs are very important in otitis media and closely related to its etiology.

scholarly journals An outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 with high mortality in mink (Neovison vison) on multiple Utah farms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chrissy Eckstrand ◽  
Tom Baldwin ◽  
Mia Kim Torchetti ◽  
Mary Lea Killian ◽  
Kerry A Rood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Viral Transmission ◽  
Viral Rna ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Tracheobronchial Lymph Node ◽  
Multiple Organs ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Polymerase Chain

The breadth of animal hosts that are susceptible to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and may serve as reservoirs for continued viral transmission are not known entirely. In August 2020, an outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 occurred in multiple mink farms in Utah and was associated with high mink mortality and rapid viral transmission between animals. The outbreak's epidemiology, pathology, molecular characterization, and tissue distribution of virus within infected mink is provided. Infection of mink was likely by reverse zoonosis. Once established, infection spread rapidly between independently housed animals and farms, and caused severe respiratory disease and death. Clinical signs were most notably sudden death, anorexia, and increased respiratory effort. Gross pathology examination revealed severe pulmonary congestion and edema. Microscopically there was pulmonary edema with moderate vasculitis, perivasculitis, and fibrinous interstitial pneumonia. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of tissues collected at necropsy demonstrated the presence of SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA in multiple organs including nasal turbinates, lung, tracheobronchial lymph node, epithelial surfaces, and others. Whole genome sequencing from multiple mink was consistent with published SARS-CoV-2 genomes with few polymorphisms. The Utah mink SARS-CoV-2 strain fell into Clade GH, which is unique among mink and other animal strains sequenced to date and did not share other spike RBD mutations Y453F and F486L found in mink. Localization of viral RNA by in situ hybridization revealed a more localized infection, particularly of the upper respiratory tract. Mink in the outbreak reported herein had high levels of virus in the upper respiratory tract associated with mink-to-mink transmission in a confined housing environment and were particularly susceptible to disease and death due to SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Direct Detection of Legionellae in Respiratory Tract Specimens by Using Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization

Legionella ◽  
2014 ◽  
pp. 221-224
Author(s):  
Jinxin Hu ◽  
Ajit P. Limaye ◽  
Matthias Horn ◽  
Stefan Juretschko ◽  
Romesh Gautom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Direct Detection

Did one ear infection in France change the history of Britain? The illness and death of Francis II (1544–60)

2009 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 231-234
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Albert Srouji
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Ear Infection ◽  
French Renaissance ◽  
Sequence Of Events ◽  
Middle Ear Infection ◽  
History Of ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
The Impact

The middle ear has long been considered a continuum of the upper respiratory tract and modern physicians recognize the impact of upper respiratory tract pathology on the middle ear and are familiar with the possible neurosurgical complications of any resultant chronic or acute middle ear infection. In the 16th century, lack of this knowledge may have led to a sequence of events and one of the most important turning points for the British monarchy. This paper on the illness and death of King Francis II of France uncovers interesting aspects of ENT practice from the French Renaissance period and the intrigue surrounding this royal patient's well-documented but little discussed illness.

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