Wind Farm Effects on Migratory Flight of Swans and Foraging Distribution at Their Stopover Site

2019 ◽  
pp. 125-133
Author(s):  
Sachiko Moriguchi ◽  
Haruka Mukai ◽  
Ryosuke Komachi ◽  
Tsuneo Sekijima
Keyword(s):  
Wind Farm ◽  
Stopover Site ◽  
Migratory Flight

scholarly journals Migrating birds rapidly increase constitutive immune function during stopover

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 192031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cas Eikenaar ◽  
Sven Hessler ◽  
Arne Hegemann
Keyword(s):  
Immune Function ◽  
Migratory Bird ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Stopover Site ◽  
Multiple Parameters ◽  
Migratory Flight ◽  
Stopover Sites ◽  
Food Conditions ◽  
Fuel Accumulation ◽  
Migrating Birds

Migratory flight is physiologically highly demanding and has been shown to negatively affect multiple parameters of constitutive immune function (CIF), an animal's first line of physiological defence against infections. In between migratory flights, most birds make stopovers, periods during which they accumulate fuel for the next flight(s). Stopovers are also commonly thought of as periods of rest and recovery, but what this encompasses is largely undefined. Here, we show that during stopover, northern wheatears Oenanthe oenanthe, a long-distance migratory bird, can rapidly increase constitutive innate immune function. We caught and temporarily caged birds under ad libitum food conditions at a stopover site in autumn. Within 2 days, most birds significantly increased complement activity and their ability to kill microbes. Changes in immune function were not related to the birds' food intake or extent of fuel accumulation. Our study suggests that stopovers may not only be important to refuel but also to restore immune function. Additionally, the increase in CIF could help migrating birds to deal with novel pathogens they may encounter at stopover sites.

scholarly journals Habitat use and flight paths of geese and swans at Lake Jusan a spring migration stopover site, in Northern Japan before construction of a wind farm

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-66
Author(s):  
Atsushi KASHIWAGI ◽  
Satoe KASAHARA ◽  
Masao TAKAHASHI ◽  
Nobuyuki AZUMA
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Use ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Spring Migration ◽  
Stopover Site ◽  
Northern Japan

scholarly journals Sex, Wingtip Shape, and Wing-Loading Predict Arrival Date at a Stopover Site in the Swainson's Thrush (Catharus Ustulatus)

The Auk ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 124 (4) ◽  
pp. 1388-1396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa S. Bowlin
Keyword(s):  
Migratory Birds ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Wing Loading ◽  
Arrival Date ◽  
Catharus Ustulatus ◽  
Stopover Site ◽  
Migratory Flight ◽  
Breeding Grounds ◽  
Central Illinois

Abstract Pointed wingtips and low wing-loading are believed to reduce the amount of energy used during migratory flight. If this is true, individuals with pointed wingtips or consistently low wing-loading should be able to migrate faster than conspecifics and may arrive on the breeding grounds and at stopover sites earlier. To test this hypothesis, I captured 97 Swainson's Thrushes (Catharus ustulatus; hereafter “thrushes”) during May in three consecutive field seasons, 2003-2005, at a stopover site in central Illinois. I used molecular techniques to sex 47 of these thrushes and created a discriminant function analysis using wing, tarsometatarsus, and tail lengths that predicted sex with 80.9% accuracy (P < 0.001). I applied this function to the remaining 50 thrushes so that I could control for any sexual dimorphism in morphology and arrival timing, and then examined seasonal trends in sex and morphology. Male thrushes arrived earlier at my stopover site than females (P < 0.001). After controlling for sex, thrushes with more pointed wingtips (P = 0.002) and lower wing-loading (P = 0.044) arrived earlier than thrushes with more rounded wingtips and higher wing-loading. The general linear model with sex, wingtip pointedness, and wing-loading explained nearly one-third of the variation in arrival date (P < 0.001, r2 = 0.281, n = 90). Pointed wingtips and lower wing-loading may help migratory birds cover distance more quickly and arrive at the breeding grounds sooner; alternatively, thrushes with more pointed wingtips and lower wing-loading may have departed from the wintering grounds earlier. If wing shape and size affect rate of migration, these variables may be important determinants of individual quality in migratory passerines. El Sexo, la Forma de las Puntas de las Alas y la Carga Alar Predicen la Fecha de Arribo de Catharus ustulatus a un Sitio de Escala Migratoria

scholarly journals A sport-physiological perspective on bird migration: evidence for flight-induced muscle damage

2001 ◽  
Vol 204 (15) ◽  
pp. 2683-2690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher G. Guglielmo ◽  
Theunis Piersma ◽  
Tony D. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Strenuous Exercise ◽  
Stopover Site ◽  
Migratory Flight ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Long Jump ◽  
Western Sandpipers ◽  
Exercise Induced

SUMMARY Exercise-induced muscle damage is a well-described consequence of strenuous exercise, but its potential importance in the evolution of animal activity patterns is unknown. We used plasma creatine kinase (CK) activity as an indicator of muscle damage to investigate whether the high intensity, long-duration flights of two migratory shorebird species cause muscle damage that must be repaired during stopover. In two years of study, plasma CK activity was significantly higher in migrating western sandpipers (a non-synchronous, short-hop migrant), than in non-migrants. Similarly, in the bar-tailed godwit (a synchronous, long-jump migrant), plasma CK activity was highest immediately after arrival from a 4000–5000km flight from West Africa to The Netherlands, and declined before departure for the arctic breeding areas. Late-arriving godwits had higher plasma CK activity than birds that had been at the stopover site longer. Juvenile western sandpipers making their first southward migration had higher plasma CK activity than adults. These results indicate that muscle damage occurs during migration, and that it is exacerbated in young, relatively untrained birds. However, the magnitude of the increases in plasma CK activity associated with migratory flight were relatively small, suggesting that the level of muscle damage is moderate. Migrants may avoid damage behaviourally, or have efficient biochemical and physiological defences against muscle injury.

Evaluating Community Engagement and Benefit-Sharing Practices in Australian Wind Farm Development

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Lansbury Hall ◽  
Jarra Hicks ◽  
Taryn Lane ◽  
Emily Wood
Keyword(s):  
Community Engagement ◽  
Community Involvement ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Social Acceptance ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Benefit Sharing ◽  
Delphi Panel ◽  
Government Organizations

The wind industry is positioned to contribute significantly to a clean energy future, yet the level of community opposition has at times led to unviable projects. Social acceptance is crucial and can be improved in part through better practice community engagement and benefit-sharing. This case study provides a “snapshot” of current community engagement and benefit-sharing practices for Australian wind farms, with a particular emphasis on practices found to be enhancing positive social outcomes in communities. Five methods were used to gather views on effective engagement and benefit-sharing: a literature review, interviews and a survey of the wind industry, a Delphi panel, and a review of community engagement plans. The overarching finding was that each community engagement and benefit-sharing initiative should be tailored to a community’s context, needs and expectations as informed by community involvement. This requires moving away from a “one size fits all” approach. This case study is relevant to wind developers, energy regulators, local communities and renewable energy-focused non-government organizations. It is applicable beyond Australia to all contexts where wind farm development has encountered conflicted societal acceptance responses.

Hexagram-Converter Based Statcom for Integrating Twelve Bus Sytem with Wind Farm

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 315-317
Author(s):  
Mohanraj.M Mohanraj.M ◽  
◽  
Dr.Rani Thottungal ◽  
Jaganraj.K Jaganraj.K
Keyword(s):  
Wind Farm

Virtual Synchronous Generator Control of Power System including Large-scale Wind Farm by Cooperative Operation between Battery and LFC Hydro Power Plant

2020 ◽  
Vol 140 (6) ◽  
pp. 531-538
Author(s):  
Kotaro Nagaushi ◽  
Atsushi Umemura ◽  
Rion Takahashi ◽  
Junji Tamura ◽  
Atsushi Sakahara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Power System ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Synchronous Generator ◽  
Hydro Power ◽  
Virtual Synchronous Generator

Electromagnetic Analysis of Interconnected Groundings at Wind Farm

2012 ◽  
Vol 132 (7) ◽  
pp. 684-689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Raju Ahmed ◽  
Masaru Ishii
Keyword(s):  
Wind Farm ◽  
Electromagnetic Analysis

Relation between Meteorology and Lightning Charge Transfer Observed at Nikaho Wind Farm in Winter

2018 ◽  
Vol 138 (6) ◽  
pp. 507-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minoru Furukawa ◽  
Koji Michishita ◽  
Shigeru Yokoyama ◽  
Nobuyuki Honjo ◽  
Michihiro Matsui
Keyword(s):  
Charge Transfer ◽  
Wind Farm
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