Fundamental Quantum Structures on Hilbert Spaces

Author(s):  
Valter Moretti
Author(s):  
D. E. Edmunds ◽  
W. D. Evans

This chapter is concerned with closable and closed operators in Hilbert spaces, especially with the special classes of symmetric, J-symmetric, accretive and sectorial operators. The Stone–von Neumann theory of extensions of symmetric operators is treated as a special case of results for compatible adjoint pairs of closed operators. Also discussed in detail is the stability of closedness and self-adjointness under perturbations. The abstract results are applied to operators defined by second-order differential expressions, and Sims’ generalization of the Weyl limit-point, limit-circle characterization for symmetric expressions to J-symmetric expressions is proved.


Universe ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Andrzej Góźdź ◽  
Włodzimierz Piechocki ◽  
Grzegorz Plewa ◽  
Tomasz Trześniewski

We present the result of our examination of quantum structures called quantum spikes. The classical spikes that are known in gravitational systems, occur in the evolution of the inhomogeneous spacetimes. A different kind of spikes, which we name strange spikes, can be seen in the dynamics of the homogeneous sector of the Belinski–Khalatnikov–Lifshitz scenario. They can be made visible if the so-called inhomogeneous initial data are used. The question to be explored is whether the strange spikes may survive quantization. The answer is in the affirmative. However, this is rather a subtle effect that needs further examination using sophisticated analytical and numerical tools. The spikes seem to be of fundamental importance, both at classical and quantum levels, as they may serve as seeds of real structures in the universe.


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