Normal Anatomy and Physiology of the Pleural Space

This review focuses on the normal anatomy and physiology of the spleen. The spleen functions as a hematologic organ, filtering blood, metabolizing iron, and acting as a reservoir for blood cells. The spleen, the largest lymphatic organ, also plays a key role in adaptive and innate immunity. This review contains 7 figures of highly rendered artwork and 26 references. Key words: immune system, spleen, spleen anatomy, spleen physiology, splenectomy vaccine guidelines

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Normal anatomy and physiology of the spinal cord and peripheral nerves

10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0220 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Steve Casha ◽

Philippe Mercier

Keyword(s):

Intensive Care Unit ◽

Spinal Cord ◽

Peripheral Nerves ◽

The Body ◽

Trauma Patients ◽

Normal Anatomy ◽

Sensory Afferents ◽

Spinal Nerves ◽

Anatomy And Physiology ◽

Sacral Spine

The spinal cord and peripheral nerves carry motor and autonomic efferents, as well as sensory afferents connecting the cerebrum with the body. Efferent and afferent fibres form predictable tracts within the spinal cord, forming spinal nerves as they exit the spinal canal. Peripheral nerves are often formed from complicated plexuses of spinal nerves in the cervical, lumbar, and sacral spine. Dermatomes are formed from spinal nerves that innervate specific areas of skin, while myotomes innervate a specific set of muscles. The detailed anatomy of these structures are discussed. Knowledge of the anatomy of these structures is relevant to many clinical situations encountered in the intensive care unit especially with caring for neurological, neurosurgical, orthopaedic, and trauma patients.

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Anatomy and Physiology of the Pleural Space

Reference Module in Biomedical Sciences ◽

10.1016/b978-0-12-801238-3.11577-6 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Rafal Krenke ◽

Michał Mierzejewski

Keyword(s):

Pleural Space ◽

Anatomy And Physiology

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Normal anatomy and physiology of the brain

10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0219 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Simona Ferioli ◽

Lori Shutter

Keyword(s):

Intensive Care Unit ◽

Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Brain Injuries ◽

Structural Basis ◽

Normal Anatomy ◽

Cerebrovascular Accidents ◽

Anatomy And Physiology ◽

Brain Physiology ◽

Cerebral Trauma ◽

The Brain

An understanding of the normal anatomy of the brain is essential to the diagnosis of a number of conditions that may be encountered in patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). Common structural cerebral conditions causing patients to be admitted to the ICU include cerebral trauma (traumatic brain injury), cerebrovascular accidents (both ischaemic and haemorrhagic), and infections. Cerebral conditions with a structural basis occurring after admission to the ICU are not as common as functional abnormalities, such as delirium, and peripheral complications, such as critical illness neuropathy and myopathy. An understanding of brain physiology, in particular factors that control or influence intracranial pressure (ICP) and cerebral blood flow (CBF) underpin much of the theory behind the management of acute brain injuries and syndromes.

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Vascular System

Mayo Clinic Medical Neurosciences ◽

10.1093/med/9780190209407.003.0013 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 435-470

Author(s):

Eduardo E. Benarroch ◽

Jeremy K. Cutsforth-Gregory ◽

Kelly D. Flemming

Keyword(s):

Nervous System ◽

Vascular System ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Neural Tissue ◽

Vascular Supply ◽

Neural Function ◽

Normal Anatomy ◽

Anatomy And Physiology ◽

System P ◽

Pathologic Processes

The blood vessels to an organ provide it with a relatively constant supply of oxygen and other nutrients and a means for removal of metabolic waste. Failure to meet these vital requirements results in disease in that organ. Because of the unique structure and organization of the nervous system, localized abnormalities in its blood supply may produce devastating alterations in neural function. This chapter describes the normal anatomy and physiology of the vascular supply to neural tissue and the clinical manifestations of pathologic processes affecting this system.

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The Abdomen

Drug Intelligence & Clinical Pharmacy ◽

10.1177/106002808602000902 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 20 (9) ◽

pp. 653-658

Author(s):

R. Leon Longe ◽

Jon C. Calvert

Keyword(s):

Physical Examination ◽

Normal Anatomy ◽

Anatomy And Physiology ◽

Examination Techniques

This article describes the normal anatomy and physiology of the abdomen. Physical examination techniques illustrate the evaluation of the abdominal structures. The text describes physical presentation of selected diseases and discusses their pathophysiology. The text material is applied through a case study.

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