examination techniques
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(FIVE YEARS 3)

2022 ◽  
pp. 236-269
Author(s):  
Alanna Khattar

Slit lamp examination is an important component of a pediatric eye exam. The slit lamp instrument, also known as a biomicroscope, is used to provide a stereoscopic magnified view of the ocular structures. The slit lamp facilitates the examination of both the anterior segment as well as the posterior segment of the eyes. For posterior segment examination, handheld lenses are used in conjunction with the slit lamp. Different tools and examination techniques are often needed to examine infants, toddlers, and other pediatric patients who cannot be positioned in the slit lamp. This chapter discusses the techniques and equipment used to facilitate the ocular health examination, including anterior segment structures, posterior segment structures, and intraocular pressure measurements in the pediatric population.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 3049-3054
Author(s):  
Dhaneshwari H. A ◽  
Suhas Kumar Shetty

History taking, clinical examinations play a major role in confirming the diagnosis and predicting the prognosis of the illness. This is applicable in psychiatric as well as psychosomatic disorders. Sometimes organic diseases may simulate the presentation of psychiatric disorders and vice versa. Many types of examination techniques are ex- plained in Ayurveda which help directly or indirectly to elicit and diagnose psychiatry disorders. Astavibhrama, impairment in eight domains of mental faculties - thinking process (Mano vibhrama), intellect (Buddhi vibhrama), consciousness and orientation (Sanjnajnana vibhrama), memory (smriti vibhrama), desire or interest (Bhakti vibhrama), temperaments (sheela vibhrama), behaviour (chesta vibhrama), conduct (achara vibhrama); a concept adopted for the diagnosis of unmada (insanity). These eight domains can be generalised for eliciting the mental status of an individual. Keywords: Astavibhrama, Mental status examination, Psychiatric disorder


2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 277-281
Author(s):  
Christopher Robinson ◽  
Suzanne Hunt ◽  
Gary Gronseth ◽  
Sara Hocker ◽  
Eelco Wijdicks ◽  
...  

Introduction. Circulatory-respiratory death declaration is a common duty of physicians, but little is known about the amount of education and physician practice patterns in completing this examination. Methods. We conducted an online survey of physicians evaluating the rate of formal training and specific examination techniques used in the pronouncement of circulatory-respiratory death. Data, including level of practice, training received in formal death declaration, and examination components were collected. Results. Respondents were attending physicians (52.4%), residents (30.2%), fellows (10.7%), and interns (6.7%). The majority of respondents indicated they had received no formal training in death pronouncement, however, most reported self-perceived competence. When comparing examination components used by our cohort, 95 different examination combinations were used for death pronouncement. Conclusions. Formal training in death pronouncement is uncommon and clinical practice varies. Implementation of formal training and standardization of the examination are necessary to improve physician competence and reliability in death declarations.


2021 ◽  
pp. 841-850
Author(s):  
Scott D. Eggers

Normal balance is the consequence of continuous interaction between visual, vestibular, and proprioceptive mechanisms. The vestibular system is a system in which head movements and positions cause mechanical forces to be transduced into electrochemical signals that are relayed to the central nervous system for the purpose of maintaining clear stable vision and equilibrium. With a basic understanding of physiology, common disease processes, and examination techniques, a correct diagnosis can generally be made at the bedside.


Author(s):  
Retno Wati ◽  
Siti Masrochah

Hysterosalpingography (HSG) is the most commonly used imaging diagnostic to determine the tubal patency in patient with indications of infertility. The technique used in the HSG procedure is different in some studies. The aim of this study was to determine the technique of hysterosalpingography (HSG) examination with patients suspected of infertility in dr.R. Soetrasno Rembang hospital. The method was a case study approach. Results showed HSG examination using plain photo Anteroposterior (AP) projection, AP projection with 3 cc contrast media and 7 cc contrast media, then post evacuation. The AP projection already revealed uterus, fallopian tubes, spill on the peritoneum, reduce radiation dose, and the pain of patients. They used 3 cc and 7 cc of contrast media because the examination did not use fluoroscopy. The 3 cc of contrast media views the uterus only then 7 cc view the fallopian tube and its spill. HSG plays a crucial role to determine the cause of infertility, especially to evaluate the morphology and patency of the fallopian tubes in women so the radiology team should become familiar with examination techniques used, give the patient education to avoid movement, and hold their body motionless also taking a mild pain reliever before the HSG examination.


2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 56-65
Author(s):  
Hasta Saputra ◽  
Tris Zeno Alkindi ◽  
Hery Priyanto ◽  
Agus Dwisetiyono ◽  
Panji Zulfikar sidik

One of the electronic evidence found at the crime scene or related to cases, both criminal and civil, is cellphone evidence. To prove the presence or absence of the perpetrator's involvement with the use of mobile forensic examination techniques by physical extraction through analysis of digital traces in the form of call logs, SMS, phonebooks and other files where the data has been deleted. Several factors affect the physical extraction method, namely the software used. Mobile forensic examination software used to examine electronic evidence such as cellphones in forensic laboratories is Ufed Cellebrite 4 PC and XRY Microsystem. In this study, the level of success of the physical extraction method was investigated on evidence of a Nokia 105 (TA-1174) mobile phone with different software, namely Ufed Cellebrite 4 PC and XRY Micro Systemation. Extraction was carried out using the physical boot loader method on the memory in the Nokia 105 (TA-1174) mobile phone IMEI 1: 353810821569303 IMEI 2: 353810821569306. by using Ufed 4 Pc software and XRY Microsystemation, where the extraction results obtained, especially call logs, SMS and data that have been deleted using XRY Micrososystemation software, have the most complete success rate. This relates to the ability of each software in parsing/dumping and decoding processes.


Ultrasound ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1742271X2110466
Author(s):  
Gaorui Liu ◽  
Jillian L Clarke ◽  
Irwin Mohan

Objective Chronic venous disease is a common vascular condition, affecting up to 60% of the population worldwide. In Australia and New Zealand, chronic venous insufficiency ultrasound examinations are primarily performed by sonographers. This research aimed to explore how ultrasound examinations are being performed, providing insights into current practices and recommendations for quality improvement. Method A questionnaire was distributed to capture demographics, practices of ultrasound, examination techniques, the use of nomenclature and experience of the respondents. Results The analysis of 97 responses showed a heterogeneity in the clinical application of ultrasound. Most sonographers performed less than two scans per day within 30–45 minutes. Deep venous incompetence was routinely excluded by all respondents. The majority used standing, sitting and reverse Trendelenburg position except for a few using supine position. Manual augmentation was the preferred provocation manoeuvre. Anatomical variations at the junctional level were not adequately evaluated. Although Giacomini’s vein was assessed by 80%, 57% of those did not evaluate paradoxical reflux. Seventy-five per cent routinely assessed non-saphenous reflux; however, over 50% were unfamiliar with lymph node venous networks. A significant number of out-dated venous terms were still being used. A low participation rate in continuing professional development was identified, which might be attributable to limited education and training programs. Conclusion The study is a multi-faceted exploration that identified a need for standardized diagnostic and reporting guidelines. Our results could explain discrepancies in diagnostic findings and inconsistencies in the use of medical terminology, with implications for clinical decision making and assessment of surgical outcome.


2021 ◽  
pp. 975-990
Author(s):  
Nicole Ayson ◽  
Suzanne Starling

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Radha Dhakal ◽  
Samkisha Paudel ◽  
Dipesh Paudel

Background. Testicular cancer is a malignant tumor of the testicles, the male reproductive organs that produce sperm and testosterone. It is one of the most common cancers in young men. This form of cancer can be easily diagnosed by self-examination of testicles and is curable if detected early. Periodic self-examination must be performed for early detection. Due to lack of knowledge on testicular cancer and testicular self-examination techniques, patients can potentially miss early detection. This study is aimed at assessing the knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding testicular cancer and testicular self-examination among male college students pursuing a Bachelor’s degree. Methods. A web-based cross-sectional analytical study was adopted to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of testicular cancer and testicular self-examination among male college students pursuing a Bachelor’s degree and living in Bharatpur Metropolitan City in the Chitwan District of Nepal. The snowball sampling technique was employed to identify the eligible participants. Collected data were entered in SPSS version 22 and analyzed by using the Chi-square test, Pearson’s correlation, and binary logistic regression. Results. Out of 402 respondents, majority (56.7%) had poor knowledge regarding testicular cancer and testicular self-examination and only 11.4% had performed testicular self-examination. The majority (67.2%) of the respondents had shown an unfavorable attitude towards testicular cancer (TC) and testicular self-examination (TSE). There was a significant association between the level of knowledge and marital status 4.516 (1.962-10.397) and ethnicity 2.606 (1.443-4.709). Likewise, age 0.396 (0.191-0.821) and marital status 0.347 (0.156-0.775) have been significantly associated with testicular self-examination practice. Regarding favorable attitude, age 0.362 (0.186-0.706) and sources of information from mass media 2.346 (1.328-4.143) have been associated significantly. Conclusion. The study finding shows that the knowledge on testicular cancer and testicular self-examination was low. Due to lack of knowledge and trainings, the potential opportunities for early detection of testicular cancer are missed substantially. Periodic testicular self-examination is vital for early detection of testicular cancer. Hence, it is crucial to implement massive educational campaigns and trainings on testicular cancer and testicular self-examination techniques among young male groups.


Author(s):  
Jasmina Sterz ◽  
Niklas Gutenberger ◽  
Maria-Christina Stefanescu ◽  
Uwe Zinßer ◽  
Lena Bepler ◽  
...  

Abstract Purpose Every physician must be able to sufficiently master medical emergencies, especially in medical areas where emergencies occur frequently such as in the emergency room or emergency surgery. This contrasts with the observation that medical students and young residents often feel insufficiently prepared to handle medical emergencies. It is therefore necessary to train them in the treatment of emergency patients. The aim of this study is to analyze the influence of the assignment of manikin versus simulated patients during a training for undergraduate medical students on learning outcomes and the perceived realism. Methods The study had a prospective cross-over design and took place in a 3-day emergency medicine training for undergraduate medical students. Students completed three teaching units (‘chest pain’, ‘impaired consciousness’, ‘dyspnea’), either with manikin or simulated patient. Using a questionnaire after each unit, overall impression, didactics, content, the quality of practical exercises, and the learning success were evaluated. The gained competences were measured in a 6-station objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) at the end of training. Results 126 students participated. Students rated simulated patients as significantly more realistic than manikins regarding the possibility to carry out examination techniques and taking medical history. 54.92% of the students would prefer to train with simulated patients in the future. Regarding the gained competences for ‘chest pain’ and ‘impaired consciousness’, students who trained with a manikin scored less in the OSCE station than the simulated patients-group. Conclusion Simulated patients are rated more realistic than manikins and seem to be superior to manikins regarding gained competence.


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