scholarly journals Ethics and Antimalarial Drug Resistance

2020 ◽  
pp. 55-73
Author(s):  
Phaik Yeong Cheah ◽  
Michael Parker ◽  
Nicholas P. J. Day
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Malaria Control ◽  
Malaria Elimination ◽  
Antimalarial Drug ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Antimalarial Drug Resistance ◽  
The Past ◽  
Greater Mekong Subregion ◽  
Related Mortality

Abstract There has been impressive progress in malaria control and treatment over the past two decades. One of the most important factors in the decline of malaria-related mortality has been the development and deployment of highly effective treatment in the form of artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs). However, recent reports suggest that these gains stand the risk of being reversed due to the emergence of ACT resistance in the Greater Mekong Subregion and the threat of this resistance spreading to Africa, where the majority of the world’s malaria cases occur, with catastrophic consequences. This chapter provides an overview of strategies proposed by malaria experts to tackle artemisinin-resistant malaria, and some of the most important practical ethical issues presented by each of these interventions. The proposed strategies include mass antimalarial drug administrations in selected populations, and mandatory screening of possibly infected individuals prior to entering an area free of artemisinin-resistant malaria. We discuss ethical issues such as tensions between the wishes of individuals versus the broader goal of malaria elimination, and the risks of harm to interventional populations, and conclude by proposing a set of recommendations.

scholarly journals Research supporting malaria control and elimination in China over four decades: a bibliometric analysis of academic articles published in chinese from 1980 to 2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan-Qiu Du ◽  
Guo-Ding Zhu ◽  
Jun Cao ◽  
Jia-Yan Huang
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Bibliometric Analysis ◽  
Malaria Control ◽  
China National Knowledge Infrastructure ◽  
Malaria Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
Imported Case ◽  
Multidisciplinary Cooperation ◽  
Malaria Epidemic ◽  
Occurrence Matrix

Abstract Background China has accumulated considerable experience in malaria control and elimination over the past decades. Many research papers have been published in Chinese journals. This study intends to describe the development and experience of malaria control and elimination in China by quantitatively analysing relevant research using a bibliometric analysis. Methods A long-term, multistage bibliometric analysis was performed. Research articles published in Chinese journals from 1980 to 2019 were retrieved from the Wanfang and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases. Year of publication, journal name and keywords were extracted by the Bibliographic Items Co-occurrence Matrix Builder (BICOMB). The K/A ratio (the frequency of a keyword among the total number of articles within a certain period) was considered an indicator of the popularity of a keyword in different decades. VOSviewer software was used to construct keyword co-occurrence network maps. Results A total of 16,290 articles were included. The overall number of articles continually increased. However, the number of articles published in the last three years decreased. There were two kinds of keyword frequency trends among the different decades. The K/A ratio of the keyword ‘Plasmodium falciparum’ decreased (17.05 in the 1980s, 13.04% in the 1990s, 9.86 in the 2000s, 5.28 in the 2010s), but those of ‘imported case’ and ‘surveillance’ increased. Drug resistance has been a continuous concern. The keyword co-occurrence network maps showed that the themes of malaria research diversified, and the degree of multidisciplinary cooperation gradually increased. Conclusions This bibliometric analysis revealed the trends in malaria research in China over the past 40 years. The results suggest emphasis on investigation, multidisciplinary participation and drug resistance by researchers and policymakers in malaria epidemic areas. The results also provide domestic experts with qualitative evidence of China’s experience in malaria control and elimination.

scholarly journals Tackling resistance: emerging antimalarials and new parasite targets in the era of elimination

F1000Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 1170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily S. Mathews ◽  
Audrey R. Odom John
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Malaria Elimination ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Therapeutic Targets ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Development Projects ◽  
Combination Therapies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Antimalarial Compounds

Malaria remains a significant contributor to global human mortality, and roughly half the world’s population is at risk for infection with Plasmodium spp. parasites. Aggressive control measures have reduced the global prevalence of malaria significantly over the past decade. However, resistance to available antimalarials continues to spread, including resistance to the widely used artemisinin-based combination therapies. Novel antimalarial compounds and therapeutic targets are greatly needed. This review will briefly discuss several promising current antimalarial development projects, including artefenomel, ferroquine, cipargamin, SJ733, KAF156, MMV048, and tafenoquine. In addition, we describe recent large-scale genetic and resistance screens that have been instrumental in target discovery. Finally, we highlight new antimalarial targets, which include essential transporters and proteases. These emerging antimalarial compounds and therapeutic targets have the potential to overcome multi-drug resistance in ongoing efforts toward malaria elimination.

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