Ferrates as Powerful Oxidants in Water Treatment Technologies

2020 ◽  
pp. 177-201
Author(s):  
Libor Machala ◽  
Petr Zajíček ◽  
Jan Kolařík ◽  
Tomáš Mackuľak ◽  
Jan Filip
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Technologies

scholarly journals Methods, Protocols, Guidance and Standards for Performance Evaluation for Point-of-Use Water Treatment Technologies: History, Current Status, Future Needs and Directions

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1094
Author(s):  
Emily S. Bailey ◽  
Nikki Beetsch ◽  
Douglas A. Wait ◽  
Hemali H. Oza ◽  
Nirmala Ronnie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Enteric Bacteria ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Household Water Treatment ◽  
Produce Water ◽  
Point Of Use ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
Injury And Repair ◽  
Testing Protocols

It is estimated that 780 million people do not have access to improved drinking water sources and approximately 2 billion people use fecally contaminated drinking water. Effective point-of-use water treatment systems (POU) can provide water with sufficiently reduced concentrations of pathogenic enteric microorganisms to not pose significant health risks to consumers. Household water treatment (HWT) systems utilize various technologies that physically remove and/or inactivate pathogens. A limited number of governmental and other institutional entities have developed testing protocols to evaluate the performance of POU water treatment systems. Such testing protocols are essential to documenting effective performance because inferior and ineffective POU treatment technologies are thought to be in widespread use. This critical review examines specific practices, procedures and specification of widely available POU system evaluation protocols. Testing protocols should provide standardized and detailed instructions yet be sufficiently flexible to deal with different treatment technologies, test microbe priorities and choices, testing facility capabilities and public health needs. Appropriate infectivity or culture assays should be used to quantify test enteric bacteria, viruses and protozoan parasites, or other appropriate surrogates or substitutes for them, although processes based on physical removal can be tested by methods that detect microbes as particles. Recommendations include further research of stock microbe production and handling methods to consistently yield test microbes in a realistic state of aggregation and, in the case of bacteria, appropriately physiologically stressed. Bacterial quantification methods should address the phenomenon of bacterial injury and repair in order to maximally recover those that are culturable and potentially infectious. It is only with harmonized national and international testing protocols and performance targets that independent and unbiased testing can be done to assure consumers that POU treatment technologies are able to produce water of high microbial quality and low health risk.

scholarly journals Long-lasting, monovalent-selective capacitive deionization electrodes

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric N. Guyes ◽  
Amit N. Shocron ◽  
Yinke Chen ◽  
Charles E. Diesendruck ◽  
Matthew E. Suss
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Ionic Conductivity ◽  
Ion Selectivity ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Carbon Electrodes ◽  
Capacitive Deionization ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
Porous Carbon Electrodes ◽  
Monovalent Ion ◽  
Direct Use

AbstractEmerging water purification applications often require tunable and ion-selective technologies. For example, when treating water for direct use in irrigation, often monovalent Na+ must be removed preferentially over divalent minerals, such as Ca2+, to reduce both ionic conductivity and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR). Conventional membrane-based water treatment technologies are either largely non-selective or not dynamically tunable. Capacitive deionization (CDI) is an emerging membraneless technology that employs inexpensive and widely available activated carbon electrodes as the active element. We here show that a CDI cell leveraging sulfonated cathodes can deliver long-lasting, tunable monovalent ion selectivity. For feedwaters containing Na+ and Ca2+, our cell achieves a Na+/Ca2+ separation factor of up to 1.6. To demonstrate the cell longevity, we show that monovalent selectivity is retained over 1000 charge–discharge cycles, the highest cycle life achieved for a membraneless CDI cell with porous carbon electrodes to our knowledge, while requiring an energy consumption of ~0.38 kWh/m3 of treated water. Furthermore, we show substantial and simultaneous reductions of ionic conductivity and SAR, such as from 1.75 to 0.69 mS/cm and 19.8 to 13.3, respectively, demonstrating the potential of such a system towards single-step water treatment of brackish and wastewaters for direct use in irrigation.

Application of three different water treatment technologies to shale gas produced water

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eunyoung Jang ◽  
Seongpil Jeong ◽  
Eunhyea Chung
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Shale Gas ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Treatment Technologies

A review on water treatment technologies for the management of oxoanions: prospects and challenges

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekemena Oghenovoh Oseghe ◽  
Azeez Olayiwola Idris ◽  
Usisipho Feleni ◽  
Bhekie Brilliance Mamba ◽  
Titus Alfred Makudali Msagati
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Technologies

Current Water Treatment Technologies

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-47
Author(s):  
Chu Dai ◽  
Xike Tian ◽  
Chao Yang ◽  
Yulun Nie ◽  
Yanxin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
Current Water

Being “green” in chemical water treatment technologies: issues, challenges and developments

Desalination ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 223 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 487-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonia Ketsetzi ◽  
Aggeliki Stathoulopoulou ◽  
Konstantinos D. Demadis
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
Chemical Water

scholarly journals Water Purification by Activation Plasma Technology

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 15-23
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Liquid Water ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Advanced Oxidation ◽  
Throughput Capacity ◽  
Chemical Processing ◽  
Plasma Production ◽  
Plasma Injection ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
Current Water

In modern water treatment technologies Water needs to be processed to a level that can be reused in a meaningful way. Plasma production or plasma injection in liquid water provides an opportunity to inject advanced Oxidation processes in water for purification or chemical processing. Such technology can revolutionize Drinking water treatment, as well as current practices of chemical processing by removing physical catalysts. An overview of current water treatment is presented here where Technology, its limitations and the future, may include Plasmabased advanced oxidation method. In plasma Introduction to liquid water produces and attacks a host of reactive species finally mineralize the contaminants in the solution. This interaction takes place at the boundary layer or at the interaction zone is concentrated at the plasma - liquid water interface. There are limitations of traditional plasma injection procedures which include limited throughput capacity, electrode shear and reduced Process Volume. Here the technical limitations of plasma based water reactor will also be discussed.

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