Malignant Tumors of the Central Nervous System

2020 ◽  
pp. 507-524
Author(s):  
Anssi Auvinen ◽  
Diana Withrow ◽  
Preetha Rajaraman ◽  
Hannu Haapasalo ◽  
Peter D. Inskip
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
The Central Nervous System

scholarly journals Radiobiology of Radiosurgery for the Central Nervous System

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Santacroce ◽  
Marcel A. Kamp ◽  
Wilfried Budach ◽  
Daniel Hänggi
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Target Volume ◽  
Dose Fractionation ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Intracranial Volume ◽  
Single High Dose ◽  
Fractionated Radiotherapy ◽  
The Central Nervous System

According to Leksell radiosurgery is defined as “the delivery of a single, high dose of irradiation to a small and critically located intracranial volume through the intact skull.” Before its birth in the early 60s and its introduction in clinical therapeutic protocols in late the 80s dose application in radiation therapy of the brain for benign and malignant lesions was based on the administration of cumulative dose into a variable number of fractions. The rationale of dose fractionation is to lessen the risk of injury of normal tissue surrounding the target volume. Radiobiological studies of cell culture lines of malignant tumors and clinical experience with patients treated with conventional fractionated radiotherapy helped establishing this radiobiological principle. Radiosurgery provides a single high dose of radiation which translates into a specific toxic radiobiological response. Radiobiological investigations to study the effect of high dose focused radiation on the central nervous system began in late the 50s. It is well known currently that radiobiological principles applied for dose fractionation are not reproducible when single high dose of ionizing radiation is delivered. A review of the literature about radiobiology of radiosurgery for the central nervous system is presented.

scholarly journals Malignant Tumors of the Central Nervous System in Kazakhstan: Component Analysis of Incidence Dynamics

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 2289-2295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurbek Igissinov ◽  
Serik Akshulakov ◽  
Talgat Kerimbayev ◽  
Yerzhan Adilbekov ◽  
Nurgul Aldiyarova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
The Central Nervous System

MALIGNANT TUMORS OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM IN THE CHILDREN OF THE NUCLEAR PRODUCTION WORKERS

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 745-751
Author(s):  
Svetlana Sosnina ◽  
Irina Martinenko ◽  
Mikhail Sokolnikov
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Morphological Type ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Mayak Production Association ◽  
The Central Nervous System

The incidence of malignant neoplasms of the brain and the spinal medulla in children of Mayak Production Association workers who exposed preconceptive gamma irradiation was analyzed in the paper. The retrospective analysis was carried out within the cohort of children under the age of 15 born in 1948-2013 which includes 72316 people born and have been living in Ozersk, located near the nuclear plant. Overall 13 cases of malignant neoplasms of the central nervous system were registered among descendants of persons exposed in the workplace. The average value of the total dose of preconceptive gamma irradiation among mothers reached 251.95 mGy, among fathers - 211.42 mGy. The most frequent localization of malignant process was cerebellum, the most frequent morphological type of tumor was astrocytoma. Comparative analysis of morbidity was carried out by the method of indirect standardization, herewith regional and national age-sex incidence rates were applied. There was no significant excess of the incidence of malignant neoplasms of the central nervous system among children of nuclear workers. Standardized incidence ratio in comparison with the national statistics for children under 15 generally amounted in 1.04 in boys (95% confidence interval 0.5-1.87), in girls - 0.58 (0.18-1.35); in comparison with the regional statistics: in boys - 1.16 (0.56-2.09), in girls - 0.36 (0.11-0.85).

Primary Intracerebral Alveolar Soft Part Sarcoma: Report of a Case and Review of the Literature

2021 ◽  
pp. 106689692110272
Author(s):  
Chiara Caporalini ◽  
Flavio Giordano ◽  
Selene Moscardi ◽  
Gioia Di Stefano ◽  
Matteo Lenge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Soft Part ◽  
English Literature ◽  
Soft Tissue Sarcomas ◽  
Alveolar Soft Part Sarcoma ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Pathological Characteristics ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Alveolar soft part sarcomas (ASPSs) are rare malignant tumors representing ∼1% of all soft tissue sarcomas. Most ASPS occurring in the central nervous system are metastases. In contrast, primary intracranial ASPSs are extremely rare and only 8 cases have been previously reported in English literature. Here, we report a case of primary alveolar soft part sarcoma in a 16-year-old female patient with no evidence of primary extracranial tumors. Histologically this case fulfilled the criteria of ASPS, and a molecular confirmation has been archived. To date, only 9 primary intracranial ASPS cases, including ours, have been reported in the literature. This report highlights the clinical and pathological characteristics, differential diagnosis, and molecular analysis of primary ASPS of the central nervous system.

scholarly journals Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors of the central nervous system in children: the state of the problem today. Literature review

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 60-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu. V. Dinikina ◽  
M. B. Belogurova
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Conflict Of Interest ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Genetic Profile ◽  
Atypical Teratoid ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Atypical Teratoid Rhabdoid Tumors ◽  
Rhabdoid Tumors

Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors (AT/RT) are a group of rare highly aggressive malignant tumors in young patients. Among all the malignant tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) in children, they are 1–2 %, which, due to the small number of groups, makes it difficult to develop uniform recommendations for antitumor therapy. The molecular genetic profile of AT/RT, which largely determines the characteristics of the disease, has been studied sufficiently. Despite the large number of ongoing clinical studies, the results of treatment of AT/RT CNS in the world today remain unsatisfactory. The early age of patients limits the use of radiation therapy, which leads to the need to intensify chemotherapy regimens and to choose the optimal strategy in the toxicity – benefit ratio. The article describes modern approaches to the treatment of central nervous system disorders in children, presents the results of studies with the largest number of included patients, using the multimodal treatment strategy, identifies current trends in targeted therapy.Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.Funding. The study was performed without external funding.

Glioblastoma multiforme metastasis outside the central nervous system: Three case reports and possible mechanisms of escape.

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e13035-e13035
Author(s):  
Edwin Boelke ◽  
Christiane Matuschek ◽  
Lawrence E. Ginsberg ◽  
Sujit S. Prabhu ◽  
Wilfried Budach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
The United States ◽  
Primary Brain Tumor ◽  
Diffuse Glioma ◽  
Average Survival ◽  
The Central Nervous System

e13035 Background: Primary brain and central nervous system (CNS) tumor incidence is approximately 19 per 100,000 individuals per year in the United States (US) compared with 7 per 100,000 individuals worldwide. The most common intra-axial tumor is gliomas, which account for 32% of all primary CNS tumors and 80% of all malignant tumors of the CNS.The most common diffuse glioma is grade 4 astrocytoma (glioblastoma, GBM), which makes up 54% of diffuse glial tumors. GBM is also the most aggressive brain tumor with poor prognosis.GBM metastases outside the CNS are rare, so therapeutic experience with these types of tumors is limited. Methods: Herein, we present 3 GBM patients with extra-CNS metastasis. Results: One patient developed GBM metastasis in the lung and pleura 5 years after his GBM diagnosis had been confirmed. Another patient who underwent resection of the primary GBM developed disease that extended through the sphenoid to involve the orbit and skull and subsequently invaded the parotid gland and neck nodes 1 year after diagnosis. A third patient developed GBM metastasis in the skull and L5 vertebra 2 years after her primary brain tumor had been resected. Conclusions: The exact mechanism of GBM metastasis outside the central nervous system is not well understood but likely involves the invasion of structures such as bone, lymphatics, and vasculature, especially veins. Above-average survival time and repeated surgical intervention may place GBM patients at higher risk for these unusual metastases.

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