Do Industry 4.0 Technologies Matter When Companies Backshore Manufacturing Activities? An Explorative Study Comparing Europe and the US

2020 ◽  
pp. 53-83
Author(s):  
Luciano Fratocchi ◽  
Cristina Di Stefano
Keyword(s):  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Explorative Study ◽  
The Us

Status, Opportunities, and Barriers in Implementing Industry 4.0 in the US

2021 ◽  
pp. 209-227
Author(s):  
Ling Li ◽  
Yang Lu
Keyword(s):  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
The Us

scholarly journals Professions Susceptible to Automation; A Study on Automotive Sector Employees

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Aylin Goztas ◽  
Fusun Topsumer ◽  
Mehmet Karanfiloglu
Keyword(s):  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Automotive Sector ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
The Us ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Human Skills ◽  
Intellectual Skills ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
Intensive Work

The future of jobs has been a popular issue in the industry 4.0 process and digitization. Many of today's profession groups are at risk with automation in the digitalization process and most will be replaced to computer-based software and robots. By this concept, with Industry 4.0, we come up with whether the jobs are susceptible or non-susceptible to automation. According to researchers, jobs, where more routine and labor-intensive work is done, are categorized as group of jobs prone to automation, on the other hand jobs requiring human skills in which intellectual skills are used intensively, especially those that cannot be done through machines yet are categorized as group of jobs non-susceptible to automation. A recent Forrester Report predicts that by 2021, 6% of jobs in the US will be automated. In another study, it is predicted that 47% of the professions in the US will be unmanned during the automation process. By this study, a review of the literature on the susceptibility of the various professions to automation will be made and self-assessment of the automotive sector managers in İzmir and the surrounding areas regarding their future professions will be studied through a descriptive study.

scholarly journals Government expenditures in the support of technological innovations and impact on stock market and real economy: the empirical evidence from the US and Germany

Equilibrium ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 717-734
Author(s):  
Jana Kotlebova ◽  
Peter Arendas ◽  
Bozena Chovancova
Keyword(s):  
Stock Market ◽  
Stock Markets ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Fiscal Sustainability ◽  
Stock Index ◽  
Government Expenditures ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Real Economy ◽  
The Us

Research background: The current changes in the global stock markets are related to the next wave of the industrial revolution ?Industry 4.0?. It is expected that the Industry 4.0 will lead to an acceleration of the innovation process and growth of volumes of tailor-made products. The stock markets started to react to the upcoming technological changes over the last decade, which are reflected by the changes in the composition of the major stock indices where the technological sector started to grow in importance. But innovations are not only connected with the specialized technological sector, but they are also of direct concern to the whole spectrum of economic entities. Besides the private investments that are usually allocated via the stock market, also the public sector investments play an important role. Purpose of the article: The aim of this paper is to investigate the relationship between government expenditures on research and development (R&D) and stock markets (and GDP) in the US and in Germany. Methods: We use the tools of descriptive analysis as well as correlation and regression methods of estimation. Findings & Value added: Our research confirms that the collection of data on R&D on annual basis for Germany and the US is insufficient for analytical and systemic management purposes. The real effects of investments in the R&D are time lagged. The regression analysis of annual data confirms only the statistical importance of patent applications as well as interest rate and stock index as independent variables in explanation of variability of real economy growth during the 1985?2017 period. Our model did not prove the significance of government expenditures. We can explain it, among others, by the fact that governments do not pay sufficient attention to the challenges yet, which are associated with the Industry 4.0, especially in the US, where the government expenditures in R&D gradually decrease. The governments in both economies try to increase their support, but fiscal sustainability is a limiting factor.

scholarly journals The supporting role of business models in the promotion of sustainable innovations in the energy sector: an explorative study in the Italian SMEs

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 109-129
Author(s):  
ANDREA SABATINI ◽  
SARA BARTOLONI ◽  
GIAN LUCA GREGORI
Keyword(s):  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Single Case ◽  
New Products ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Explorative Study ◽  
Marketing Activities ◽  
Scarcity Of Resources ◽  
Start Ups

Purpose of the paper: The Industry 4.0 paradigm entails tremendous business opportunities. However, SMEs are struggling to effectively commercialize new products embedding Industry 4.0 technologies. Therefore, the study aims at exploring how SMEs manage the commercialization of Industry 4.0 new products to provide a thorough understanding of the main issues and barriers they face. Methodology: The study adopts a single case study of an Italian SMEs. Data have been analyzed through an abductive approach. The novelty of the topic calls for an explorative study consistent with the methodologies adopted. Results: The study finds several barriers and issues related to internal and external factors. Barriers and issues might be overcome if SMEs develop external partnerships to compensate their typical scarcity of resources. The firm faced the coronavirus pandemic, which highlighted further threats hidden into the commercialization process. Research limitations: The study design is qualitative in nature, limiting the generalization of the findings. The internal perspective and the specific study contexts also offer new avenues for future. research. Practical implications: The study provides several insights to support SMEs in their commercialization processes of new Industry 4.0 technological products. The study highlights the pivotal role of strategy and planning as well as marketing activities. Originality of the paper: The study contributes to the new product commercialization and Industry 4.0 literature by unravelling potential issues and barriers that innovator SMEs might encounter when commercializing new products that fall into the Industry 4.0 paradigm. The article provides a novel perspective as the extant NPD literature focuses on start-ups or large corporations, while the Industry 4.0 literature has been neglecting the commercialization process.

scholarly journals A big data framework for E-Government in Industry 4.0

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 461-479
Author(s):  
Cu Kim Long ◽  
Rashmi Agrawal ◽  
Ha Quoc Trung ◽  
Hai Van Pham
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Intelligent Systems ◽  
Big Data Analytics ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Data Framework ◽  
The Us ◽  
Efficiency And Effectiveness ◽  
Potential Benefits

Abstract The next generation of E-Government and healthcare has the potential to increase the more intelligent governance with improvements in transparency, accountability, efficiency, and effectiveness. It enables organizations to use the benefits of information via big data analysis to settle the difficulties effectively. Big Data has emerged which plays a significant role in many sectors around the world. Global trends in taking advantage of the benefits from big data are considered with an overview of the US, European Union, and several developing countries. To deeply understand the utilization of big data in several domains, this study has presented a brief survey of key concepts (such as IoT-enabled data, blockchain-enabled data, and intelligent systems data) to deeply understand the utilization of big data in several domains. Our analysis sets out also the similarities and differences in these concepts. We have also surveyed state-of-the-art technologies including cloud computing, multi-cloud, webservice, and microservice which are used to exploit potential benefits of big data analytics. Furthermore, some typical big data frameworks are surveyed and a big data framework for E-Government is also proposed. Open research questions and challenges are highlighted (for researchers and developers) following our review. Our goal in presenting the novel concepts presented in this article is to promote creative ideas in the research endeavor to perform efficaciously next-generation E-Government in the context of Industry 4.0.

The Eleventh Circuit Holds that Agreements in which Pharmaceutical Companies Pay Generic Companies Not to Compete May be Valid

2004 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-184
Author(s):  
Amy Garrigues
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
Court Decisions ◽  
Patent Holder ◽  
Trial Court ◽  
Court Of Appeals ◽  
The Us ◽  
Antitrust Laws ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Appeals Court ◽  
Two Sides

On September 15, 2003, the US. Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit held that agreements between pharmaceutical and generic companies not to compete are not per se unlawful if these agreements do not expand the existing exclusionary right of a patent. The Valley DrugCo.v.Geneva Pharmaceuticals decision emphasizes that the nature of a patent gives the patent holder exclusive rights, and if an agreement merely confirms that exclusivity, then it is not per se unlawful. With this holding, the appeals court reversed the decision of the trial court, which held that agreements under which competitors are paid to stay out of the market are per se violations of the antitrust laws. An examination of the Valley Drugtrial and appeals court decisions sheds light on the two sides of an emerging legal debate concerning the validity of pay-not-to-compete agreements, and more broadly, on the appropriate balance between the seemingly competing interests of patent and antitrust laws.

Fighting the US Youth Sex Trade

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carrie N. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Sex Trade ◽  
The Us

Putting Trust in the US Budget

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric M. Patashnik
Keyword(s):  
The Us
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