Basic Research Applied to Testicular Torsion

Annual Meeting of the Section on Pediatric Urology

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.76.6.1000 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 76 (6) ◽

pp. 1000-1003

Author(s):

KENNETH I. GLASSBERG

Keyword(s):

Animal Models ◽

Annual Meeting ◽

Testicular Torsion ◽

Cell Damage ◽

Basic Research ◽

Testicular Biopsy ◽

Pediatric Urology ◽

Prepubertal Boys ◽

Histologic Changes

The Section of Urology of the American Academy of Pediatrics met for three days in conjunction with the 53rd annual meeting of the Academy in Chicago. Papers and panel discussions that would be of interest to the pediatrician are summarized herein according to topic. As there has been an increasing number of basic research papers presented in recent years, the Section, this year, initiated a prize for basic research. Also new to the meeting was the awarding of the first annual Pediatric Urology Medal, which was given to Harry Spence for contributions made to the field. TESTICULAR TORSION Recent reports of unilateral testicular torsion have suggested that adverse effects may occur to the contralateral testicle, if the ischemic testicle is treated by surgical detorsion and left in place rather than removed.1-4 Three authors addressed this problem by investigating animal models. Animal Models In prepubertal rats undergoing experimentally produced testicular torsion, Rabinowitz and associates found histologic changes in the contralateral testicle. The changes in the contralateral testicle were dependent upon the duration of torsion and were significantly greater when the ischemic testicle was detorsed and left in place. The degree of histologic changes in the ischemic testicle, especially the degree of germ cell damage, was the best prediction of long-term damage to the contralateral testicle. In the animal model, these changes could be averted by removing the ischemic testicle. Although not going as far to recommend orchiectomy as the treatment of choice for all cases of torsion, Dr. Rabinowitz did suggest that a testicular biopsy in prepubertal boys with testicular torsion may be a reliable index to subsequent long-term contralateral damage if the ischemic testicle is detorsed and pexed rather than removed.

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Annual Meeting of the Section on Pediatric Urology

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.80.1.111 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 80 (1) ◽

pp. 111-117

Author(s):

KENNETH I. GLASSBERG

Keyword(s):

Annual Meeting ◽

Testicular Torsion ◽

San Antonio ◽

Basic Research ◽

Pediatric Urology ◽

Normal Male ◽

Male Population ◽

Research Papers ◽

History Of ◽

Surgically Induced

The Section of Urology of the American Academy of Pediatrics met for three days in conjunction with the 54th annual meeting of the Academy in San Antonio. Papers of interest to the pediatrician are summarized herein according to topic. The number of basic research papers is continuing to increase. The second annual Pediatric Urology Medal was awarded to Sir David Innes Williams for contributions made to the field. ANDROLOGY Testicular Torsion Some recent studies suggest that individuals who undergo testicular torsion may have a higher incidence of infertility than the normal male population.1,2 A number of papers were presented at the 1984 meeting debating a possible immune response that is initiated by the torsed testicle and that plays havoc on the nontorsed testicle. One such paper presented this year by Howards and Turner could not find any contralateral testicular damage following surgically induced torsion on rats. Hadziselimoyic and co-authors studied biopsies taken from the nontorsed testicle in 38 boys who underwent surgery for unilateral testicular torsion. In 20 of the 38 patients (58%), preexisting contralateral testicular abnormalities could be identified, which suggests that the infertility in patients with unilateral testicular torsion may be a consequence of preexisting testicular pathology rather than an immunopathy. Cryptorchidism Contralateral Testicle. Three studies addressed the problem of infertility in patients with a history of cryptorchidism and the effect of the undescended testicle upon the contralateral testicle. In one study, Kogan and associates set out to determine whether surgically induced cryptorchidism produces a deleterious effect upon the normally descended contralateral testicle.

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A New 1,000 kV Electron Microscope

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100061318 ◽

1967 ◽

Vol 25 ◽

pp. 260-261

Author(s):

M. Nishigaki ◽

S. Katagiri ◽

H. Kimura ◽

B. Tadano

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscope ◽

High Voltage ◽

Basic Research ◽

Chromatic Aberration ◽

High Accuracy ◽

Biological Specimen ◽

Voltage Electron ◽

High Voltage Electron Microscope ◽

High Voltage Electron

The high voltage electron microscope has many advantageous features in comparison with the ordinary electron microscope. They are a higher penetrating efficiency of the electron, low chromatic aberration, high accuracy of the selected area diffraction and so on. Thus, the high voltage electron microscope becomes an indispensable instrument for the metallurgical, polymer and biological specimen studies. The application of the instrument involves today not only basic research but routine survey in the various fields. Particularly for the latter purpose, the performance, maintenance and reliability of the microscope should be same as those of commercial ones. The authors completed a 500 kV electron microscope in 1964 and a 1,000 kV one in 1966 taking these points into consideration. The construction of our 1,000 kV electron microscope is described below.

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An emerging technology: Nuclear magnetic resonance microscopy

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s042482010010706x ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 46 ◽

pp. 1000-1001

Author(s):

M.J. Hennessy ◽

E. Kwok

Keyword(s):

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Relaxation Times ◽

Basic Research ◽

Local Environment ◽

Magnetic Resonance Images ◽

Nmr Microscopy ◽

Mri Scans ◽

Temperature Relaxation ◽

Nuclear Magnetic

Much progress in nuclear magnetic resonance microscope has been made in the last few years as a result of improved instrumentation and techniques being made available through basic research in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technologies for medicine. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) was first observed in the hydrogen nucleus in water by Bloch, Purcell and Pound over 40 years ago. Today, in medicine, virtually all commercial MRI scans are made of water bound in tissue. This is also true for NMR microscopy, which has focussed mainly on biological applications. The reason water is the favored molecule for NMR is because water is,the most abundant molecule in biology. It is also the most NMR sensitive having the largest nuclear magnetic moment and having reasonable room temperature relaxation times (from 10 ms to 3 sec). The contrast seen in magnetic resonance images is due mostly to distribution of water relaxation times in sample which are extremely sensitive to the local environment.

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Testicular Torsion More Common at Puberty

Pediatric News ◽

10.1016/s0031-398x(06)71404-7 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 40 (10) ◽

pp. 42 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

MARY ELLEN SCHNEIDER

Keyword(s):

Testicular Torsion

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Mother-to-child transmission of HIV: developing integration of healthcare programmes with clinical, social and basic research studies

Acta Paediatrica ◽

10.1080/08035250310006025 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 92 (11) ◽

pp. 1343-1348

Author(s):

Menu E ◽

Scarlatti G ◽

Barré-Sinoussi F ◽

Gray G ◽

Bollinger B ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Basic Research ◽

Mother To Child Transmission ◽

Child Transmission ◽

Mother To Child ◽

Research Studies

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The Multiple Faces of Risk-Taking

European Journal of Psychological Assessment ◽

10.1027/1015-5759/a000335 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 32 (1) ◽

pp. 17-38 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Florian Schmitz ◽

Karsten Manske ◽

Franzis Preckel ◽

Oliver Wilhelm

Keyword(s):

Risk Taking ◽

Basic Research ◽

Formal Models ◽

Experimental Paradigm ◽

Nomological Network ◽

Balloon Analogue Risk Task ◽

Parameter Recovery ◽

Task Specificity ◽

Available Information ◽

Criterion Variables

Abstract. The Balloon-Analogue Risk Task (BART; Lejuez et al., 2002 ) is one of the most popular behavioral tasks suggested to assess risk-taking in the laboratory. Previous research has shown that the conventionally computed score is predictive, but neglects available information in the data. We suggest a number of alternative scores that are motivated by theories of risk-taking and that exploit more of the available data. These scores can be grouped around (1) risk-taking, (2) task performance, (3) impulsive decision making, and (4) reinforcement sequence modulation. Their theoretical rationale is detailed and their validity is tested within the nomological network of risk-taking, deviance, and scholastic achievement. Two multivariate studies were conducted with youths (n = 435) and with adolescents/young adults (n = 316). Additionally, we tested formal models suggested for the BART that decompose observed behavior into a set of meaningful parameters. A simulation study with parameter recovery was conducted, and the data from the two studies were reanalyzed using the models. Most scores were reliable and differentially predictive of criterion variables and may be used in basic research. However, task specificity and the generally moderate validity do not warrant use of the experimental paradigm for diagnostic purposes.

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