Insulin Treatment of Type 1 Diabetes

2021 ◽  
pp. 43-53
Author(s):  
Eda Cengiz ◽  
Michelle Van Name ◽  
William V. Tamborlane
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Treatment

scholarly journals The effects of exercise training versus intensive insulin treatment on skeletal muscle fibre content in type 1 diabetes mellitus rodents

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
David P. McBey ◽  
Michelle Dotzert ◽  
C. W. J. Melling
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Muscle Fibre ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Fibre Type ◽  
Insulin Treatment ◽  
Type I

Abstract Background Intensive-insulin treatment (IIT) strategy for patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) has been associated with sedentary behaviour and the development of insulin resistance. Exercising patients with T1DM often utilize a conventional insulin treatment (CIT) strategy leading to increased insulin sensitivity through improved intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) content. It is unclear how these exercise-related metabolic adaptations in response to exercise training relate to individual fibre-type transitions, and whether these alterations are evident between different insulin strategies (CIT vs. IIT). Purpose: This study examined glycogen and fat content in skeletal muscle fibres of diabetic rats following exercise-training. Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups: Control-Sedentary, CIT- and IIT-treated diabetic sedentary, and CIT-exercised trained (aerobic/resistance; DARE). After 12 weeks, muscle-fibre lipids and glycogen were compared through immunohistochemical analysis. Results The primary findings were that both IIT and DARE led to significant increases in type I fibres when compared to CIT, while DARE led to significantly increased lipid content in type I fibres compared to IIT. Conclusions These findings indicate that alterations in lipid content with insulin treatment and DARE are primarily evident in type I fibres, suggesting that muscle lipotoxicity in type 1 diabetes is muscle fibre-type dependant.

scholarly journals Insulin treatment, insulin requirements and perinatal outcomes in a pregnancy cohort with type 1 diabetes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Pilar Bahíllo-Curieses ◽  
Vanesa Matías del Pozo ◽  
Cristina Álvarez Colomo ◽  
Gonzalo Díaz-Soto
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Treatment ◽  
Perinatal Outcomes ◽  
Pregnancy Cohort ◽  
Insulin Requirements

Automated Adaptation of Insulin Treatment in Type 1 Diabetes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Fabris ◽  
Thibault Gautier ◽  
Marc Breton
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Treatment

scholarly journals Double-diabetes in a real-world sample of 2,711 individuals: associated with insulin treatment or part of the heterogeneity of type 1 diabetes?

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando de Mello Almada Giuffrida ◽  
Caroline Bulcão ◽  
Roberta A Cobas ◽  
Carlos Antonio Negrato ◽  
Marilia B Gomes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Real World ◽  
Insulin Treatment ◽  
Double Diabetes

scholarly journals Premeal Insulin Treatment During Basal-Bolus Regimen in Young Children With Type 1 Diabetes

Diabetes Care ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 29 (10) ◽  
pp. 2311-2312 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Cherubini ◽  
A. Iannilli ◽  
D. Iafusco ◽  
F. Cardella ◽  
M. S. Giamprini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Insulin Treatment ◽  
Basal Bolus

scholarly journals Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 at Diagnosis and during Subsequent Years in Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona I. Chisalita ◽  
J. Ludvigsson
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Insulin Treatment ◽  
Insulin Dose ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
Endogenous Insulin ◽  
High Hba1c

Background. Type 1 diabetes (T1D) in adolescents is associated with alterations in the insulin-like factor system probably caused both by a deranged metabolism and insulinopenia in the portal vein. Objective. To study how the circulating IGF-1 is affected at diagnosis and during subsequent years in adolescents with T1D. Methods. Ten girls and ten boys with type 1 diabetes (T1D), aged 13.0 ± 1.4 (mean ± SD) years at diagnosis, took part in the study. Blood samples were drawn at diagnosis and after 3, 9, 18, and 48 months. HbA1c, total IGF-1, and C-peptide were measured. Results. At diagnosis, the patients had high HbA1c, low IGF-1, and measurable C-peptide. After the start of insulin treatment, maximal improvement in glycemic control and IGF-1 occurred within 3 months and then both tended to deteriorate, that is, HbA1c to increase and IGF-1 to decrease. C-peptide decreased with time, and after 4 years, half of the patients were C-peptide negative. At diagnosis, C-peptide correlated positively to IGF-1 (r=0.50; p<0.03). C-peptide correlated negatively with insulin dose (U/kg) after 18 and 48 months from diagnosis (r=−0.48; p<0.03 and r=−0.72; p<0.001, resp.). Conclusions. In conclusion, our results show that in newly diagnosed adolescents with type 1 diabetes and deranged metabolism, the IGF-1 level is low and rapidly improves with insulin treatment but later tends to decrease concomitantly with declining endogenous insulin secretion.

Type 1 Diabetes—Pathogenesis, Prediction, and Prevention

2009 ◽  
Vol 05 (01) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Peter R Baker II ◽  
George S Eisenbarth ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Treatment ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Novel Technologies ◽  
Prediction And Prevention ◽  
The Us ◽  
Hereditary Component ◽  
Rising Incidence ◽  
Prevention Trials

Type 1 diabetes affects over 1.4 million people in the US, with a rising incidence in many western nations. It is clear that there is a strong hereditary component and that autoimmunity plays a large role in disease pathogenesis. In the last two decades novel technologies have been developed to study the genetics, biochemistry, and molecular pathology of type 1 diabetes. These, in turn, have allowed for early recognition of disease as well as the potential for prevention trials and early insulin treatment. This article highlights the prediction of type 1 diabetes risk and developing immunotherapeutic concepts.

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