Robofish as Social Partner for Live Guppies

2020 ◽  
pp. 270-274
Author(s):  
Lea Musiolek ◽  
Verena V. Hafner ◽  
Jens Krause ◽  
Tim Landgraf ◽  
David Bierbach
Keyword(s):  
Social Partner

Experimentalism as a Tool of Economic Innovation in Germany

2001 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wade Jacoby ◽  
Martin Behrens
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Relations ◽  
Information Gathering ◽  
Wage Bargaining ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Partner ◽  
Social Actor ◽  
Comparative Political Economy ◽  
System A ◽  
German Model ◽  
Economic Innovation

Our purpose in this article is to analyze changes in the German wagebargaining system, a system that has attracted enormous attentionfrom scholars of comparative political economy and comparativeindustrial relations. We argue that the wage bargaining portion ofthe German model is neither frozen in place, headed for deregulation,nor merely “muddling through.” Rather, we see the institutionalcapacities of the key actors—especially the unions and employerassociations—making possible a process we term “experimentalism.”In briefest form, experimentalism allows organizations that combinedecentralized information-gathering abilities with centralized decision-making capacity to probe for new possibilities, which, oncefound, can be quickly diffused throughout the organization. We willshow that the capacity for such experimentalism varies across actorsand sectors. And, to make things even tougher, neither major Germansocial actor can sustain innovation in the longer term withoutbringing along the other “social partner.”

scholarly journals Institutions or resources and capabilities? Explaining engagement in European sectoral social dialogue

2021 ◽  
pp. 0143831X2110160
Author(s):  
Thomas Prosser ◽  
Barbara Bechter ◽  
Manuela Galetto ◽  
Sabrina Weber ◽  
Bengt Larsson
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Theory ◽  
Social Partner ◽  
Transnational Governance ◽  
Social Dialogue ◽  
Partner Preferences ◽  
Institutional Influences ◽  
Social Partners ◽  
Resources And Capabilities ◽  
Insight Into

In this article the authors analyse social partner engagement in European sectoral social dialogue, testing two prominent theories to disentangle sector and country dynamics: institutional and resources and capabilities theories. While institutional theory accounted for certain social partner preferences, resources and capability theory proved stronger in predicting participation and provided insight into regulatory preferences. The authors conclude that resources and capability theory better explains their case, associating it with weaknesses of transnational governance. Specifically, limited incentives for participation mean that social partners with fewer resources forego participation, entailing pre-eminence of social partners with greater resources and hindering outcomes reflecting national institutional influences.

scholarly journals Opening the black box: Actors and interactions shaping European sectoral social dialogue

2021 ◽  
pp. 095968012110000
Author(s):  
Barbara Bechter ◽  
Sabrina Weber ◽  
Manuela Galetto ◽  
Bengt Larsson ◽  
Thomas Prosser
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Black Box ◽  
Social Partner ◽  
Organizational Resources ◽  
Eu Policy ◽  
Social Dialogue ◽  
Or Groups ◽  
Social Partners ◽  
Work Programme

This article highlights the importance of organizational resources and individual capabilities for interactions and relationships among social partners in European sectoral social dialogue committees (SSDCs). We use an actor-centred approach to investigate work programme setting in the hospital and metalworking SSDCs. Our research reveals differences in how European social partner organizations coordinate and integrate members in SSDCs. In hospital, European Union (EU)-social partners build bridges that span otherwise separate actors or groups. The findings suggest that the absence of bridging efforts can lead to the dominance of a few actors. In metalworking, small cohesive groups are more effective in forming close networks and determining work programmes. While work programmes in hospital represent issues which are on national agendas, in metalworking, they focus mainly on EU policy areas.

scholarly journals Trinidadian guppies use a social heuristic that can support cooperation among non-kin

2020 ◽  
Vol 287 (1934) ◽  
pp. 20200487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Safi K. Darden ◽  
Richard James ◽  
James M. Cave ◽  
Josefine Bohr Brask ◽  
Darren P. Croft
Keyword(s):  
Poecilia Reticulata ◽  
Social Space ◽  
Inclusive Fitness ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Theoretical Work ◽  
Evolution Of Cooperation ◽  
Social Partner ◽  
Proximate Mechanisms ◽  
Cognitive Limitations ◽  
Fitness Benefits

Cooperation among non-kin is well documented in humans and widespread in non-human animals, but explaining the occurrence of cooperation in the absence of inclusive fitness benefits has proven a significant challenge. Current theoretical explanations converge on a single point: cooperators can prevail when they cluster in social space. However, we know very little about the real-world mechanisms that drive such clustering, particularly in systems where cognitive limitations make it unlikely that mechanisms such as score keeping and reputation are at play. Here, we show that Trinidadian guppies ( Poecilia reticulata ) use a ‘walk away’ strategy, a simple social heuristic by which assortment by cooperativeness can come about among mobile agents. Guppies cooperate during predator inspection and we found that when experiencing defection in this context, individuals prefer to move to a new social environment, despite having no prior information about this new social group. Our results provide evidence in non-human animals that individuals use a simple social partner updating strategy in response to defection, supporting theoretical work applying heuristics to understanding the proximate mechanisms underpinning the evolution of cooperation among non-kin.

Dealing with austerity and migration in the northern European cleaning sector: Social partner strategies to strengthen wage floors

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 373-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sissel Trygstad ◽  
Trine P Larsen ◽  
Kristine Nergaard
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Relations ◽  
Eu Enlargement ◽  
Social Partner ◽  
National Differences ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wage Regulation ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Industrial Cleaning ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Exerted Pressure

Industrial cleaning shares some common features across countries. Institutions for collective wage regulation are fragile, the market is highly price-sensitive and skewed competition has exerted pressure on wages and conditions. Increased cross-border mobility of labour and enterprises after EU enlargement brought new sources of competitive pressure, which was amplified by the subsequent economic crisis. We study changes in collective regulation in industrial cleaning in Denmark, Germany, Norway and the UK since the turn of the century, and find that the social partners have responded differently to the challenges. We discuss these responses in the light of national differences in industrial relations regimes and the regulatory tools available for the organized actors.

Social allies modulate corticosterone excretion and increase success in agonistic interactions in juvenile hand-raised graylag geese (Anser anser)

2003 ◽  
Vol 81 (10) ◽  
pp. 1746-1754 ◽  
Author(s):  
Didone Frigerio ◽  
Brigitte Weiss ◽  
John Dittami ◽  
Kurt Kotrschal
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Foster Parent ◽  
Social Partner ◽  
Agonistic Behaviour ◽  
Agonistic Interactions ◽  
Anser Anser ◽  
Access To Resources ◽  
Standard Distance ◽  
Social Alliances ◽  
Corticosterone Metabolites

In mammals, support by a social partner may reduce stress levels and ease access to resources. We investigated the effects of the passive presence of a nearby social ally on excreted corticosterone immunoreactive metabolites and behaviour in juvenile graylag geese (Anser anser). Two groups of hand-raised juveniles (N1 = 9, N2 = 3) were tested over 1 year by positioning humans of different familiarity (i.e., the human foster parent, a familiar human, a nonfamiliar human, no human) at a standard distance to the focal geese. Their success in agonistic interactions significantly decreased with age and with decreasing familiarity of the accompanying human. The humans present modulated the excretion of corticosterone immunoreactive metabolites, with the strongest effects recorded after fledging when corticosterone metabolites were also positively correlated with agonistic behaviour. This suggests that a human foster parent may provide similar supportive benefits as goose parents do in natural families. We discuss the benefits of social alliances with regard to the integration into the flock, access to resources, and life history.

scholarly journals Gaze to faces across interactive contexts in infants at heightened risk for autism

Autism ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 763-768 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devon N Gangi ◽  
AJ Schwichtenberg ◽  
Ana-Maria Iosif ◽  
Gregory S Young ◽  
Fam Baguio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Social Partner ◽  
Infant Behavior ◽  
Gaze Behavior ◽  
Communicative Behavior ◽  
The Face ◽  
High Risk Infants ◽  
Social Communicative

Infant social-communicative behavior, such as gaze to the face of an interactive partner, is an important early developmental skill. Children with autism spectrum disorder exhibit atypicalities in social-communicative behavior, including gaze and eye contact. Behavioral differences in infancy may serve as early markers of autism spectrum disorder and help identify individuals at highest risk for developing the disorder. Researchers often assess social-communicative behavior in a single interactive context, such as during assessment with an unfamiliar examiner or play with a parent. Understanding whether infant behavior is consistent across such contexts is important for evaluating the validity of experimental paradigms and the generalizability of findings from one interactive context/partner to another. We examined infant gaze to the face of a social partner at 6, 9, and 12 months of age in infants who were later diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder, as well as low- and high-risk infants without autism spectrum disorder outcomes, across two interactive contexts: structured testing with an unfamiliar examiner and semi-structured play with a parent. By 9 months, infant gaze behavior was significantly associated between the two contexts. By 12 months, infants without autism spectrum disorder outcomes exhibited higher mean rates of gaze to faces during parent–child play than Mullen testing, while the gaze behavior of the autism spectrum disorder group did not differ by context—suggesting that infants developing autism spectrum disorder may be less sensitive to context or interactive partner. Findings support the validity of assessing infant social-communicative behavior during structured laboratory settings and suggest that infant behavior exhibits consistency across settings and interactive partners.

scholarly journals Social Partner or Social Movement? European Integration and Trade Union Renewal in Europe

2002 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham (Graham John) Taylor ◽  
Andrew Mathers
Keyword(s):  
Social Movement ◽  
European Integration ◽  
Trade Union ◽  
Social Partner ◽  
Union Renewal

scholarly journals Females prefer extra-pair males that are older and better hunters

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Hromada ◽  
Marcin Antczak ◽  
Piotr Tryjanowski
Keyword(s):  
Mate Selection ◽  
Aggressive Behaviour ◽  
Social Partner ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Nuptial Gifts ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Social Partners ◽  
Grey Shrike ◽  
Older Males

AbstractAge of male is an important cue in mate selection, including extra-pair copulations; different phenotypic and behavioural traits are known to be age related. Paternity studies show that older males predominate as fathers of extra-pair young. It remains unclear if females actively choose older males because they possess high quality traits or because older males are more successful in coercing fertile females. We experimentally provided mounted males of different age (yearling vs. adult) of great grey shrike Lanius excubitor with nuptial gifts of different quality (vole vs. cricket) and observed reactions of females and their social partners. Females strongly preferred older males with energy-rich nuptial gifts. The reactions of females’ social partner to the extra-pair male did not differ significantly amongst experimental groups. However, males responded to the reaction of their mates and male aggressive behaviour increased when their mate showed an interest in an intruder.

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