Spatial pattern of dengue cases: An analysis in Bangi District, Selangor, Malaysia

In recent decades, dengue outbreaks have become increasingly common around the developing countries, including Malaysia. Thus, it is essential for rural as well as urbanised livelihood to understand the distribution pattern of this infection. The objective of this study is to determine the trend of dengue cases reported from the year 2014 to 2018 and the spatial pattern for this spread. Spatial statistical analyses conducted found that the distribution pattern and spatial mean centre for dengue cases were clustered in the eastern part of the Bangi region. Directional distribution observed that the elongated polygon of dengue cluster stretched from the Northeast to the Southwest of Bangi District. The standard distance observed for dengue cases was smallest in the year 2014 (0.017 m), and largest in 2016 (0.019 m), whereas in the year 2015, 2017 and 2018, it measured 0.018 m. The average nearest neighbour analysis also displayed clustered patterns for dengue cases in the Bangi District. The three spatial statistical analyses (spatial mean centre, standard distance and directional distribution) findings illustrate that the dengue cases from the year 2014 to 2018 are clustered in the Northeast to the Southwest of the study region.

Moderate movement variability is optimal in massive practiced dart throws

Background and Study Aim. Movement variability is one of the fundamental topics concerning the control of human movement. In recent years, researches have focused on various aspects of variability, which has changed the noise to useful variable on human movement. Present study investigated movement variability level in high skilled dart players that repeated throws over many years. Material and Methods. Seven experienced dart players (three women and four men) were threw 36 darts in three sets (each set 12 throws) from a standard distance (2.37 meters), while the kinematic features of the shoulder, elbow, and wrist were recorded during the throws. Qualisys motion capture system with six cameras was used to record the kinematics of the elbow. Results: entropy analysis revealed that greater variability in movement angle, velocity and acceleration resulted in better dart throwing performance but after reach to this level, throw variability was decreased. The remarkable point in these findings was that variability was constant across all samples despite the varied range of experience in throwing darts from 2.37 meters distance. Entropy analysis showed that in the throws of highly experienced individuals, variation led to greater throwing efficiency. Conclusions: these findings suggest that variability in a throwing activity, which revealed that moderate movement variability results in optimal throwing performance when dart throw has massive amount of practice during many years.

MEASURING THE SPATIAL READINESS OF AMBULANCE FACILITIES FOR NATURAL DISASTERS USING GIS NETWORKS ANALYSIS

The massive disasters that arise by nature and humanity are significantly leads to several losses in lives and infrastructures. Disasters such as chemical explosions, flash floods and volcanoes. The high level of preparedness from the governments and administration authorities and ambulance services can significantly reduce the losses in lives. The aim of this paper is to measure the spatial readiness of ambulance facilities for natural disasters using GIS networks analysis. The measurement performed based on three standards, the area covered by the ambulance service, speed of service and the proportion to the population. ArcGIS spatial analysis and network analysis tools employed to develop the coverage maps of the three measured standards. According to the analysis, 94.4% from the study area appeared within the standard distance (20 km) from the ambulance stations, while 91% from the study area appeared within the time response standard (15 minutes) from the ambulance stations. The study area has a deficit of 256,714 people and needs 5 additional ambulances to achieve the demographic standard. The main recommendation of this study is to apply this methodology regularly in the study area to avoid any weakness before the disasters and to increase the level of preparedness.

Spatial Pattern Analysis on Dengue Cases in Bangi district, Selangor, Malaysia

Background: Dengue outbreak has proliferated around the developing countries, including Malaysia, in recent decades. Thus, understanding the distribution pattern is essential for urbanization livelihood. Method: The objective of this study is to determine the trend of dengue cases reported from year 2014 to 2018 and the spatial pattern for dengue spread with reference to weather elements in Bangi town. Results: Spatial statistical analyses conducted found that the distribution pattern and spatial mean center for dengue cases was clustered at the east of Bangi region. Directional distribution observed that the elongated polygon of dengue cluster stretched from the northeast to the southwest of Bangi district. Standard distance for dengue cases was the smallest for the year 2014 (0.017 m), and the largest was in the year 2016 (0.019 m), whereas dengue cases in year 2015, 2017, and 2018 were measured at 0.018 m. The average nearest neighbor analysis also observed clustered patterns for dengue cases in Bangi district. Pearson’s correlation analysis found that temperature (r = -0.269) was negatively correlated with dengue cases for year 2014 and 2018; however, rainfall amount (r = 0.286) and rain days (r = 0.250) were positively correlated with dengue cases in year 2018.Conclusions: The three spatial statistical analyses (spatial mean center, standard distance, and directional distribution) findings illustrated that the dengue cases from the year 2014 to 2018 are clustered on the northeast to the southwest of the study region. The rainfall element is found to be a significant positive factor correlated for most study years compared to temperature element.

EVALUASI PENYETELAN RELE JARAK PADA JARINGAN TRANSMISI 70 kV BOLOK – MAULAFA MENGGUNAKAN DIGSILENT 15.1.7

ABSTRAKDalam menjamin keandalan penyaluran daya listrik maka, rele jarak sebagai rele proteksi utama pada jaringan transmisi 70 kV Bolok - Maulafa harus mampu mendeteksi dan melokalisr gangguan yang ada. Rele Jarak bekerja dengan membandingkan impedansi pada saluran (impedansi gangguan) dengan impedansi terpasang (impedansi penyetelan). Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melihat apakah penyetelan yang ada sekarang sudah sesuai dengan ketentuan yang ada dalam Buku Pedoman Proteksi dan Kontrol Penghantar. Evaluasi ini dilakukan dengan membandingkan penyetelan yang terpasang dengan ketentuan penyetelan yang diatur dalam Dok:PDM/SGI15:2014 yang kemudian dilakukan simulasi mengguanakan DigSilent 15.1.7 untuk melihat jangkauan rele jarak berdasarkan penyetelan ituDari hasil evaluasi, penyetelan impedansi oleh PT.PLN sudah tidak sesuai dengan ketentuan yang ada dan untuk penyetelan waktu trip sudah sesuai dengan ketentuannya. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan penyetelan baru (sesuai standar) rele jarak didapat nilai penyetelan baru untuk zona 1 dan zona 2 bay penghantar Bolok - Maulafa sebesar 4.69870.18⁰ sec.ohm dan 13.65870.18⁰ sec.ohm. Sedangkan untuk penghantar Maulafa - Bolok sebesar 4.264 70.18⁰ sec.ohm dan 6.07670.18⁰ sec.ohm. ABSTRACT In ensuring the reliability of electrical power distribution, distance relays as the main protection relays on the transmissiom line 70 kV Bolok - Maulafa must be able to detect and localize existing disturbances. Distance Rele works by comparing the impedance of the line (fault impedance) with the installed impedance (tuning impedance). This research was conducted to see whether the current settings are in accordance with the provisions in the introductory Protection and Control Handbook. This evaluation is carried out by comparing the settings attached to the tuning conditions set out in the Doc: PDM / SGI15: 2014 which are then simulated using DigSilent 15.1.7 to see the distance relay range based on that adjustment.From the evaluation results, the impedance setting by PT.PLN is no longer in accordance with the existing provisions and for setting the trip time in accordance with the provisions. Based on the calculation results of the new settings (according to the standard) distance relay, the value of the new settings for zone 1 and zone 2 of the Bolok - Maulafa conveyor bay is 4.69870.18⁰ sec.ohm and 13.65870.18⁰ sec.ohm. As for the conductor of Maulafa - Bolok, it is 4,26470.18⁰ sec.ohm and 6,07670.18⁰ sec.ohm.

LINEAR MEASUREMENT OF THE CONDYLE POSITION IN HIV-INFECTED CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS

Background: The incidence of HIV had recently increased rapidly. People infected with HIV were required to take anti-viral drugs. The severity of HIV also contributes to a decrease in bone mineral density due to taking antiviral drugs. Decreased bone density in people with HIV was a chronic disease due to the long-term use of drugs. TMD in people with HIV was often associated with several factors including emotional states such as depression. Patient infected HIV was vulnerable to TMD because it triggers physical and psychological changes. TMD and decreased bone density are common in people with HIV. Researchers hope that later there will be the latest findings that can make patients infected with HIV felt safe to take drugs without worrying about the decline in bone quality. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the value of linear measurement of the condyle position in HIV- infected children and adolescents based on panoramic radiographs in Dental Hospital Padjadjaran University. Methods: This descriptive and cross-sectional method was conducted on panoramic radiographs of HIV-infected children and adolescents since was born. Condyle position was defined by linear measurement using a protractor that divides the condyle 45° of anterior, 90° of superior, and 135° of posterior joint space from a horizontal line. The distance was then measured using a digital caliper. Results: According to linear measurements of the condyle position, all samples had abnormal linear distances in children and adolescents in all gender. The standard range of anterior joint space (Ajs) was 1.3 mm, superior joint space (Sjs) was 2.1 mm, and the posterior joint space (Pjs) was 1.8 mm. The result of this research, the right women condyle sample, the standard distance of the AJS was 0%, SJS was 16%, Pjs was 18%. While the left condyle, the usual range of the AJS was 4%, SJS was 12%, Pjs was 24%. The right men condyle sample, the standard distance of the Ajs was 0%, Sjs was 17.65%, Pjs was 11.76%. While the left condyle, the usual range of the Ajs was 0%, Sjs was 11.76%, Pjs was 5.88%. Conclusions: The abnormal distance measured was found in the condyle position of children and adolescents infected with HIV.

Development of the Road Network in the City of Salt in 2004 and 2016 Using GIS

The aim of this study is to analyze the structure of the road network in As-Salt City in the period between 2004 and 2016, in order to identify the road employability in terms of the degree of connectivity, rotation, accessibility, and density. The relationship between the social properties and road distribution are also examined through analysis of the network characteristics concerning population distribution. The data used in this study was based on the As-Salt City Municipality Database supported with fieldwork done in 2016. The network analysis approach using GIS was used to calculate the roads employability. The study compares between the results of the analysis using the cognitive model of the road network for the years 2004 and 2016, knowing that the number of nodes in 2004 and 2016 was constant indicating the number of neighborhoods is 20, while the number of links changed from 42 links in 2004 to 50 links in 2016 and the average center of roads was determined, and it was estimated that the average road center is located near the municipality of As-Salt The study indicates that the road network suffers from a low degree of communication and rotation and the standard distance of road sites in the study area. The standard distance for each group was 2338.49 m. There is a disparity in the distribution of road network within As-Salt City, and the proportion of roads lengths dose not suit the population distribution pattern. The neighborhood of Al- Salalem, includes 19.5% of the total number of roads in As-Salt, because the neighborhood of Al-Salalem contains the highest population census and this is accompanied by urban growth, which is necessarily accompanied by the presence of roads. Therefore, it is recommended to have a plan to redistribute the population in the city and to establish new roads to reduce the problems of traffic in the city.