An Upper Level for What-If Analysis

Author(s):  
Mariana Carvalho ◽  
Orlando Belo
Keyword(s):  
2020 ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
L.F. Vitushkin ◽  
F.F. Karpeshin ◽  
E.P. Krivtsov ◽  
P.P. Krolitsky ◽  
V.V. Nalivaev ◽  
...  

The State special primary acceleration measurement standard for gravimetry (GET 190-2019), its composition, principle of operation and basic metrological characteristics are presented. This standard is on the upper level of reference for free-fall acceleration measurements. Its accuracy and reliability were improved as a result of optimisation of the adjustment procedures for measurement systems and its integration within the upgraded systems, units and modern hardware components. A special attention was given to adjusting the corrections applied to measurement results with respect to procedural, physical and technical limitations. The used investigation methods made it possibled to confirm the measurement range of GET 190-2019 and to determine the contributions of main sources of errors and the total value of these errors. The measurement characteristics and GET 90-2019 were confirmed by the results obtained from measurements of the absolute value of the free fall acceleration at the gravimetrical site “Lomonosov-1” and by their collation with the data of different dates obtained from measurements by high-precision foreign and domestic gravimeters. Topicality of such measurements ensues from the requirements to handle the applied problems that need data on parameters of the Earth gravitational field, to be adequately faced. Geophysics and navigation are the main fields of application for high-precision measurements in this field.


Author(s):  
A. O. Marnila

Geragai graben is located in the South Sumatera Basin. It was formed by mega sequence tectonic process with various stratigraphic sequence from land and marine sedimentation. One of the overpressure indication zones in the Geragai graben is in the Gumai Formation, where the sedimentation is dominated by fine grained sand and shale with low porosity and permeability. The aim of the study is to localize the overpressure zone and to analyze the overpressure mechanism on the Gumai Formation. The Eaton method was used to determine pore pressure value using wireline log data, pressure data (RFT/FIT), and well report. The significant reversal of sonic and porosity log is indicating an overpressure presence. The cross-plot analysis of velocity vs density and fluid type data from well reports were used to analyze the causes of overpressure in the Gumai Formation. The overpressure in Gumai Formation of Geragai graben is divided into two zones, they are in the upper level and lower level of the Gumai Formation. Low overpressure have occurred in the Upper Gumai Formation and mild overpressure on the Lower Gumai Formation. Based on the analyzed data, it could be predicted, that the overpressure mechanism in the Upper Gumai Formation might have been caused by a hydrocarbon buoyancy, whereas in the Lower Gumai Formation, might have been caused by disequilibrium compaction as a result of massive shale sequence.


2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-252
Author(s):  
Bradley C. Thompson

This research involved a study exploring the changes in an academic institution expressed through decision-making in a shifting leadership culture. Prior to the study, the school was heavily entrenched in authoritarian and centralized decision-making, but as upper-level administrators were exposed to the concept of collaborative action research, they began making decisions through a reflection and action process. Changing assumptions and attitudes were observed and recorded through interviews at the end of the research period. The research team engaged in sixteen weekly cycles of reflection and action based on an agenda they mutually agreed to and through an analysis of post-research interviews, weekly planning meetings, discussions, and reflection and action cycles. Findings revealed experiences centering around the issues of:  The nature of collaboration- it created discomfort, it created a sense of teamwork, it created difficulty.  The change of environment in the process- team members began to respect each other more, and the process became more enjoyable.  The freedom and change in the process- freedom to voice opinions and to actively listen, the use of experience to lead elsewhere in the school.  How issues of power are better understood by working together- the former process was less collaborative, politics will always be part of the process. As a result of this study, members have started using this decision-making methodology in other areas of administration.


2020 ◽  
pp. 024
Author(s):  
Rym Msadek ◽  
Gilles Garric ◽  
Sara Fleury ◽  
Florent Garnier ◽  
Lauriane Batté ◽  
...  

L'Arctique est la région du globe qui s'est réchauffée le plus vite au cours des trente dernières années, avec une augmentation de la température de surface environ deux fois plus rapide que pour la moyenne globale. Le déclin de la banquise arctique observé depuis le début de l'ère satellitaire et attribué principalement à l'augmentation de la concentration des gaz à effet de serre aurait joué un rôle important dans cette amplification des températures au pôle. Cette fonte importante des glaces arctiques, qui devrait s'accélérer dans les décennies à venir, pourrait modifier les vents en haute altitude et potentiellement avoir un impact sur le climat des moyennes latitudes. L'étendue de la banquise arctique varie considérablement d'une saison à l'autre, d'une année à l'autre, d'une décennie à l'autre. Améliorer notre capacité à prévoir ces variations nécessite de comprendre, observer et modéliser les interactions entre la banquise et les autres composantes du système Terre, telles que l'océan, l'atmosphère ou la biosphère, à différentes échelles de temps. La réalisation de prévisions saisonnières de la banquise arctique est très récente comparée aux prévisions du temps ou aux prévisions saisonnières de paramètres météorologiques (température, précipitation). Les résultats ayant émergé au cours des dix dernières années mettent en évidence l'importance des observations de l'épaisseur de la glace de mer pour prévoir l'évolution de la banquise estivale plusieurs mois à l'avance. Surface temperatures over the Arctic region have been increasing twice as fast as global mean temperatures, a phenomenon known as arctic amplification. One main contributor to this polar warming is the large decline of Arctic sea ice observed since the beginning of satellite observations, which has been attributed to the increase of greenhouse gases. The acceleration of Arctic sea ice loss that is projected for the coming decades could modify the upper level atmospheric circulation yielding climate impacts up to the mid-latitudes. There is considerable variability in the spatial extent of ice cover on seasonal, interannual and decadal time scales. Better understanding, observing and modelling the interactions between sea ice and the other components of the climate system is key for improved predictions of Arctic sea ice in the future. Running operational-like seasonal predictions of Arctic sea ice is a quite recent effort compared to weather predictions or seasonal predictions of atmospheric fields like temperature or precipitation. Recent results stress the importance of sea ice thickness observations to improve seasonal predictions of Arctic sea ice conditions during summer.


2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 1603-1607
Author(s):  
Elena Ionescu ◽  
Bogdan Virgil Cotoi ◽  
Anca Ganescu

Pituitary is a common terrain for the appearance of tumoral changes, representing the origin of about 15% of all intracranial tumors [13]. These tumors are, for the most part, histologically benign, as they arise from hormone secreting cells in the anterior lobe. Therefore, the aim of the paper is to specify the clinical and paraclinical clinical onset characteristics, the evolutionary peculiarities, as well as the metabolic complications secondary to the prolactin hypersecretion. The effects of prolactin-secreting pituitary tumors may occur as a result of mass effects of tumors or even hyperprolactinaemia. Because microadenomas are intrathecal, visual defects may not occur, but headaches occur more often (50%) than normal (27%) [1, 6]. A large tumor that extends beyond the limbs of the turkey can cause headaches and vision defects. The classical presentation is bitemporal hemianopsia due to the compression of the optic chiasm from a tumor that extends to the upper level. If chiasma is prefixed or if the tumor extends posteriorly, compression of a single optical system results in visual field defects similar. The lateral extension in the cavernous sinus can lead to the illness of the oculomotor function involving the cranial nerves III, IV and VI and the branches V1 and V2 of the cranial nerve V, alone or in combinations.


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