The extent of building and managing local contents in institutional repositories: a survey of tertiary institution libraries in Nigeria

Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the development of institutional repositories (IR) in tertiary institution libraries in Nigeria. Design/methodology/approach The study adopted a survey research method. Online questionnaire and IR site investigation methods were used to collect data from 25 university libraries in Nigeria. Findings The study revealed that only 25 (14.7%) universities out of the 170 universities in Nigeria have successfully developed IRs and registered their presence in OpenDOAR. Other tertiary institutions such as Polytechnics and Colleges of Education investigated in Nigeria are yet to develop IRs. Contents such as theses and dissertations, conference proceedings and journal articles ranked highest being the most popular contents in the various IRs. The results showed that the development of IR saves space in the library, increases readership, increases access to local contents, minimizes damage to the original material, facilitates the dissemination of scholarly research and assists in globalization of Nigerian research findings. The IRs site investigation revealed that only few IRs have clearly defined access policy, content policy, submission policy and digital preservation policy. The study identified challenges such as inadequate facilities, unstable internet connectivity, lack of fund, irregular power supply, challenge of collecting materials for the IR, lack of skilled ICT personnel, copyright issues and absence of IR policies. Practical implications The results from the study will provide important data and insight into the development of institutional repositories in tertiary institution libraries in Nigeria, and generate suggestions for University Librarians, College Librarians, Polytechnic Librarians, tertiary institutions management and policy makers for developing institutional repositories in Nigeria and other developing countries. Originality/value The study investigated IR development in tertiary institutions in Nigeria. The findings will inform other tertiary institutions in developing countries that the development of IR provides an opportunity for the visibility of local contents emanating from institutions and make them see the reason to embrace this laudable development.

Assessment of Four Major Fish Species Stocks in the Lithuanian and Russian Parts of Curonian Lagoon (SE Baltic Sea) Using CMSY Method

Fisheries in the Curonian Lagoon (1584 km2 coastal lagoon in South-east Baltic) can be classified as artisanal, small-scale, multi-species, and multi-gear. Such types of fisheries are characterised as data-poor and require appropriate investigation methods. We used CMSY (version CMSY_2019_9f. R) to assess maximum sustainable yield (MSY) and related indicators for freshwater bream, roach, pike-perch, and European perch. A decline in pike-perch and roach was identified, while the stocks of freshwater bream and European perch were sustained. As the CMSY model does not consider the impact of environmental factors, the decline in roach stock may be attributed to the increase in salinity rather than to overfishing. In the case of freshwater bream and pike-perch, the method cannot consider the increase of the percentage of small-sized fishes in catches due to the allowance of low-selectivity gears in the fishery. Additionally, in the case of the pike-perch, the model does not take into account the interannual fluctuations in the stock-recruitment system. The assessment of the European perch stock can be considered to be good. However, the accuracy of CMSY is limited, and it should be used for fisheries management only in combination with other methods.

Urban Morphology: The Classical and Modern Research Methodologies

This article aims to explore the Hungarian and foreign urban morphological studies as a basis for possible new investigation methods that can follow or innovate the existing methodologies. For this reason, the exploration of the currently known models is essential. The "classical" morphological studies dealt with the structural shapes, historical elements, and changes of the settlements, based mainly on empirical and manual research. In the 1980s, new "modern" research methods emerged with the help of computer software, statistical data and Geographical Information Systems, representing a quantitative approach. Today inter- and multidisciplinary morphological studies are also widespread, combining several areas like ecology, sociology or sustainability with urban studies providing new research directions.

Social Representations and Individual Representations: What is the Difference? And Why are Individual Representations Similar?

This paper clarifies a long-standing ambiguity in the notion of social representations; it provides a clear operational definition of the relation between social representation and individual representation. This definition, grounded in the theory of sets, supports most current empirical investigation methods of social representations. In short, a social representation of an object in a population is the mathematical set of individual representations the individuals of that population have for this object. The components of the representation are the components used to describe this set, in intension in the mathematical sense of the term (in contrast with a definition in extension). Statistical techniques, as well as content analysis techniques, can construct such components by comparison of individual representations to extract commonalities, and that is what classic investigations on social representations indeed do. We then answer the question: how come that, in a given culture, individuals hold individual representations that are so similar to one another?

Fabrication and Characterization of Functional pH-Responsive Poly (S-Co-DEAMVA)-g-Tryptophan

Vanillin was used to synthesize cationic monomers from the amine group with a tertiary amine. It has both an amine and an aldehyde group. For that, it helps graft to form Schiff base with amino acid-like tryptophan. It is abbreviated by {2-[(diethylamino) methyl]-4-formyl-6-methoxyphenyl acrylate} DEAMVA and evaluated by, e.g., 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and FT IR results were compared with the chemical structure elevated good agreement. 10 and 25 mol % of vanillin monomer was copolymerized with (S). The copolymers of poly (S-co-DEAMVA) were investigated by 1H NMR, FTIR, GPC, and DSC. The grafting with tryptophan has also been modified and exposed to the same investigation methods; further, UV/Vis spectroscopy has designated the pH responsiveness. The study aims to improve the general characterization of polystyrene and produce functional pH-responsive polymer for graft biological molecules in the future.

Analysis of Anesthesia Effect of Dexmedetomidine in Clinical Operation of Replantation of Severed Finger

Brachial plexus block commonly used in finger replantation has the advantages of simple operation, small side effects, and stable circulation, but it has inherent problems such as imperfect block range, slow onset of anesthesia, and short maintenance time of anesthesia. In order to explore the reliable clinical anesthesia effect, this paper uses experimental investigation methods to study the effect of dexmedetomidine in clinical surgery of replantation of severed fingers. Moreover, this paper uses comparative test methods, uses statistical methods to process test data, and uses intuitive methods to display test results. Finally, this paper verifies the reliability of dexmedetomidine in replantation of severed finger through comparative analysis and verifies that the anesthesia method proposed in this paper has certain user satisfaction through parameter survey.

The Myosin Myocardial Mesh Interpreted as a Biological Analogous of Nematic Chiral Liquid Crystals

There are still grey areas in the understanding of the myoarchitecture of the ventricular mass. This is despite the progress of investigation methods since the beginning of the 21st century (diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging, microcomputed tomography, and polarised light imaging). The objective of this article is to highlight the specificities and the limitations of polarised light imaging (PLI) of the unstained myocardium embedded in methyl methacrylate (MMA). Thus, to better differentiate our method from other PLI modes, we will refer to it by the acronym PLI-MMA. PLI-MMA shows that the myosin mesh of the compact left ventricular wall behaves like a biological analogous of a nematic chiral liquid crystal. Results obtained by PLI-MMA are: the main direction of the myosin molecules contained in an imaged voxel, the crystal liquid director n, and a regional isotropy index RI that is an orientation tensor, the equivalent of the crystal liquid order parameter. The vector n is collinear with the first eigenvector of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI-MRI). The RI has not been confounded with the diffusion tensor of DTI that gives information about the three eigenvectors of the ellipsoid of diffusion. PLI-MMA gives no information about the collagen network. The physics of soft matter has allowed the revisiting of Streeter’s conjecture on the myoarchitecture of the compact left ventricular wall: “geodesics on a nested set of toroidal surfaces”. Once the torus topology is understood, this characterisation of the myoarchitecture is more accurate and parsimonious than former descriptions. Finally, this article aims to be an enthusiastic invitation to a transdisciplinary approach between physicists of liquid crystals, anatomists, and specialists of imaging.

Glacially-Triggered Faulting

Glacially triggered faulting describes movement of pre-existing faults caused by a combination of tectonic and glacially induced isostatic stresses. The most impressive fault-scarps are found in northern Europe, assumed to be reactivated at the end of the deglaciation. This view has been challenged as new faults have been discovered globally with advanced techniques such as LiDAR, and fault activity dating has shown several phases of reactivation thousands of years after deglaciation ended. This book summarizes the current state-of-the-art research in glacially triggered faulting, discussing the theoretical aspects that explain the presence of glacially induced structures and reviews the geological, geophysical, geodetic and geomorphological investigation methods. Written by a team of international experts, it provides the first global overview of confirmed and proposed glacially induced faults, and provides an outline for modelling these stresses and features. It is a go-to reference for geoscientists and engineers interested in ice sheet-solid Earth interaction.

Possibilities of Application of Methods of X-Ray Phase and X-Ray Diffraction Analysis in the Forensic Science

The paper reflects various aspects of the use of X-ray investigation methods, their advantages and application in forensic science of the phase composition of metals, paint and varnish coatings and paintwork materials, fragments of explosive devices. Practical examples of X-ray diffraction analysis application for thin film specimens made on the basis of paints containing alkyd varnish, pigments, fillers and solvents of various colour range have been examined. Influence of true physical broadening, on lines of diffractograms taken for samples exposed to shock wave action was also studied. It was found that this broadening is directly connected with influence of microstrains and fine dispersion of mosaic structure blocks. Based on the obtained X-ray diffraction analysis data, the dislocation density was calculated by three methods. Based on summarized experimental and literature data, the dependence of microstrains on the explosive weight was plotted, which can be used as a reference standard for comparison in expert studies of samples exposed to shock-wave impact.