Application of systems thinking to the establishment of metrological traceability chains

International agreements in the field of metrology and accreditation of calibration laboratories are the basis for establishing global metrological traceability. Important elements of metrological traceability are calibration of measurement standards and measuring instruments, assessment of measurement uncertainty. The International Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation has a specific policy regarding on traceability of measurement results and estimation of measurement uncertainty in calibration. The partial concept diagram around metrological traceability in accordance with the International Vocabulary of Metrology is proposed. This diagram contains a total of nine metrological concepts, which have most of the associative relations. There are associative relations between the concept of metrological traceability chain and concepts of metrological traceability, measurement standard, calibration and calibration hierarchy, and through the concept of measurement standard with the concept of measurement uncertainty. Systems thinking to the analysis of state of proposed terminological system around metrological traceability was applied. For construction of generalized metrological traceability chain, all the established properties of the system elements around the terminology system of metrological traceability were taken into account. Generalized metrological traceability chain for different levels of the calibration hierarchy was proposed. The proposed chain can be used to develop appropriate chains for specific areas of measurement. To achieve this, it is necessary to determine the specific measured value, the required measurement uncertainty for different levels of the calibration hierarchy and select the necessary measurement standards. Such schemes should be used in national metrology institutes and calibration laboratories.

Redefining Transformation Drivers in SMEs toward Business Performance with Covid-19 Situation in Indonesia

The purpose of this study is to understand transformation drives using past research as the basis of argument on every variable with business performance as the measurement standard. The research using deep searching of journal databases, the output is conducting a conceptual framework. The transformation drivers in our conceptual framework have six factors namely organization, technology, consumer behavior, financial, external support, and network with the measure of success of that transformation drives using business performance. The result is that the past research supports all the purposes of points in the variable that can positively contribute to business performance.

A Novel Measurement Standard for Surface Roughness on Involute Gears

Although manufacturers of coordinate measurement systems and gear measurement systems already provide instruments that enable an end-of-line-monitoring of the roughness properties of gears, the roughness measurement on gear flanks still lacks traceability with respect to the standardised SI-units. There is still a gap between well standardised roughness measurements on planar surfaces and gear measurements on involutes. This gap is bridged by a novel physical measurement standard (PMS), also referred to as material measure, for roughness measurements on involute gears that has been developed at the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB). The necessary transformations between the systems of roughness and gear measurements have been implemented. The measurement standard itself represents calibrated roughness values for the parameters Ra, Rz, Rq, Rk, Rpk and Rvk and Mr1 and Mr2. Furthermore, the PMS can be measured both with classic profilometers as well as gear measurement systems with integrated roughness probes.

Luminescence measurements: reference materials for composition of sodium adenosine triphosphate aqueous solution

The authors evaluated the possibility of using the luminometry method which allows checking the level of sanitation and hygiene in industries and is one of the most effective methods of «rapid microbiology». Such key stages of development of reference material for sodium adenosine triphosphate with the certified values as analysis of similar reference materials, selection of source material of the reference material, conducting experimental studies, and establishing the metrological characteristics of reference material with traceability to state primary measurement standard were provided in the paper. Considering that the selective optical density at the characteristic wavelength is directly proportional to the concentration of the absorbing component (sodium adenosine triphosphate), the stability of R M was studied by spectrophotometry. The stability of the RM material to assess the uncertainty of the measurement results was carried out by the isochronous method. The result of the study is the possibility of ensuring the traceability of measurement results based on luminescence to primary measurement standard by sodium adenosine triphosphate concentration. In addition to the above, the authors selected the optimal value of that concentration and established metrological properties for GSO 11606-2020 R M for the composition of sodium adenosine triphosphate aqueous solution (mass concentration: from 0,09 to 0,11 g/dm3; extended uncertainty: 0,015 g/dm3). Usage of this CRM in performing tests, calibrations, and verification of measuring instruments allows providing the unbiased assessment of the measuring capabilities of luminescent measuring instruments, including in terms of determining the error of the measurements carried out.

Calibration platform controller of the laser Doppler anemometer

Primary standards for the unit of air flow velocity often use a Laser Doppler Anemometer (LDA) as the primary measurement standard. A rotating disc with a fixed diameter is used to calibrate LDA. The paper proposes calibration platform based on the precision mechanics of HDD disk. A disk rotation controller has been developed for the platform. Deviations of the disk rotation speed do not exceed 0.01% RMS in the range of angular speeds of 600-4800 rpm.

Gauge repeatability and reproducibility study of airborne sound isolation measurements

A gauge repeatability and reproducibility study (GRR) uses analysis of variations (ANOVA) on an appropriately designed experiment to separate and quantify the components of the overall uncertainty. The authors have previously presented results of GRR studies of the measurement of airborne and impact insulation of floor-ceiling and demising wall assemblies in several apartment buildings, in which the uncertainty in the measurement method and the variability of the nominally-identical assemblies were compared. The results of two additional GRR studies on measurements of airborne noise isolation of wood stud demising walls are presented. The first study, like previous studies, evaluates the components of variance attributable to operator, repeatability, and part. The second study uses a fixed operator and part, and evaluates the variance due to loudspeaker type, position, and level on the measured noise reduction. The measurement standard (ASTM E336) gives limited guidance on the type and location of the loudspeaker used on the source side, and this study can inform whether changes in the standard with regards to the loudspeakers could reduce the uncertainty in measurement.