How to Approach Hard Drives as Cultural Heritage

Computers and mobile phones are piling up in archives, libraries, and museums. What kind of objects are they, what can they tell us, and how can we approach them? The aim of this chapter is to exemplify what an investigation of a hard drive implicates, the methods needed to conduct it, and what kind of results we can get out of it. To focus the investigation, hard drives are approached as records of everyday media use. The chapter introduces a computer forensic method used as a media ethnographic tool. Computer forensics and media ethnography are rooted in different methodological traditions, but both take an interest in people’s routines and the way they do and organize things. The chapter argues that a hard drive represents a window into the history of new media: into time specific software, formats, and media use.

Analisis dan Perancangan Jaringan Komputer Tanpa Harddisk (Diskless) pada Laboratorium Jaringan AKN Pacitan Menggunakan Metode Preboot Execution Environtment (PXE)

INTISARI Perkembangan teknologi telah memberikan banyak perubahaan dalam segala aktivitas. Membuat pekerjaan lebih cepat dan efisien. Preeboot Execution Environtment (PXE) adalah salah satu perkembangan teknologi di bidang jaringan. PXE adalah sebuah mekanisme didalam jaringan yang memungkinkan sebuah klien dapat booting dan masuk kedalam sistem operasi tanpa menggunakan harddisk. Terdapat beberapa kuntungan diterapkannya metode ini diantaranya adalah kemudahan dalam melakukan maintenance laboratorium, keamanan dari penyalahgunaan komputer, dan virus. Laboratorium jaringan adalah salah satu laboratorium yang digunakan oleh program studi Pemeliharaan Komputer dan Jaringan Akademi Komunitas Negeri (AKN) Pacitan. Pranata Laboratorium Pendidikan (PLP) bertugas melakukan maintenance untuk memastikan komputer dapat berjalan dengan normal, jika terdapat kerusakan seperti serangan virus, penyalagunaan komputer, perangkat keras maka PLP harus melakukan perbaikan. Hal tersebut membutuhkan proses yang lama. Sehingga metode PXE sangat tepat diterapkan dalam laboratorium jaringan. Penerapan PXE dalam laboratorium jaringan berhasil dilakukan. Komputer klien dapat berjalan tanpa menggunakan harddisk. Komputer berjalan normal dengan lima klien. Dengan kecepatan jaringan rata-rata 98Mbps dan menggunakan hard drive konvensional untuk membaca dan menyimpan, prosesnya sangat lambat untuk 14 klien yang berjalan secara bersamaan.

Ingatan II: Pengorganisasian, Lupa Dan Model-Model Ingatan

Twentieth-century playwright Tennessee William once said that life is memory except for the present moment which passes so quickly that it is hard to remember, so what is memory? Memory or retention is the retention of information over time which involves encoding, storing and retrieving it. Educational psychologists study how information is stored or stored in memory, how it is retained or stored after being encoded, and how it is found or re- expressed for specific purposes at a later date. Memories make us feel sustainable. Without memory, we are unable to relate what happened yesterday to what we are experiencing now. The brain is the most complex device in the world. Trillions of brain cells have specific but related functions. Control all physical and psychological aspects of humans. Either consciously or unconsciously. The memory storage capacity in the brain far exceeds the capacity of even the largest computer hard drive. The brain has the ability to handle an unlimited number of complex algorithms simultaneously, far exceeding the capabilities of even the most advanced computer processors. But unfortunately humans are not able to optimize the full potential of the brain, so the brain does not allow all traces of the memory to be stored perfectly, but will gradually disappear. But when the person concerned is asked to recall things he has already remembered, sometimes some of them start to be forgotten. In this paper, we will discuss things related to memory such as organizing, forgetting, memory models and learning and memory habits.Indonesian Abstract: Penulis naskah abad ke-20 Tennessee William pernah mengatakan bahwa hidup adalah ingatan kecuali saat sekarang yang berlalu begitu cepat sehingga sulit untuk diingat, lalu apa itu ingatan? Memori atau retensi adalah penyimpanan informasi dari waktu ke waktu yang melibatkan pengkodean, penyimpanan, dan pengambilannya. Psikolog pendidikan mempelajari bagaimana informasi disimpan atau disimpan dalam memori, bagaimana disimpan atau disimpan setelah dikodekan, dan bagaimana informasi itu ditemukan atau diungkapkan kembali untuk tujuan tertentu di kemudian hari. Kenangan membuat kita merasa berkelanjutan. Tanpa ingatan, kita tidak dapat menghubungkan apa yang terjadi kemarin dengan apa yang kita alami sekarang. Otak adalah perangkat paling kompleks di dunia. Triliunan sel otak memiliki fungsi yang spesifik namun berhubungan. Kontrol semua aspek fisik dan psikologis manusia. Baik disadari maupun tidak. Kapasitas penyimpanan memori di otak jauh melebihi kapasitas hard drive komputer terbesar sekalipun. Otak memiliki kemampuan untuk menangani algoritma kompleks dalam jumlah yang tidak terbatas secara bersamaan, jauh melebihi kemampuan prosesor komputer paling canggih sekalipun. Namun sayangnya manusia tidak mampu mengoptimalkan seluruh potensi otaknya, sehingga otak tidak membiarkan semua jejak ingatan tersebut disimpan dengan sempurna, melainkan lambat laun akan hilang. Tetapi ketika orang yang bersangkutan diminta untuk mengingat hal-hal yang telah dia ingat, terkadang beberapa di antaranya mulai dilupakan. Dalam tulisan ini, kita akan membahas hal-hal yang berkaitan dengan memori seperti pengorganisasian, pelupa, model memori dan kebiasaan belajar dan memori.

Transhumanism Without Mind Uploading and Immortality

Elon Musk regularly advertises for the simulation argument, stressing that he regards it as highly likely that we live in a computer simulation. However, it must be noted that the argument can be reconstructed such that its line of thought can be rationally grasped. This, however, does not necessarily mean that it is a plausible argument. The argument presupposes the anthropology that human beings can be uploaded onto a hard drive, which is based upon the view that humans are nothing like a software running on our body which serves as our hardware. It is this understanding of the human species which has been employed by many transhumanists who stress that immortality is near. The author will explain the line of thought underlining the simulation argument while they will, at the same time, explain that it is neither highly likely that we live in a computer simulation, nor that we can upload our personalities onto a computer, and even if this was possible, it would not enable us to become immortal.

File Fragment Classification using Content Based Analysis

One of the major components in Digital Forensics is the extraction of files from a criminal’s hard drives. To achieve this, several techniques are used. One of these techniques is using file carvers. File carvers are used when the system metadata or the file table is damaged but the contents of the hard drive are still intact. File carvers work on the raw fragments in the hard disk and reconstruct files by classifying the fragments and then reassembling them to form the complete file. Hence the classification of file fragments has been an important problem in the field of digital forensics. The work on this problem has mainly relied on finding the specific byte sequences in the file header and footer. However, classification based on header and footer is not reliable as they may be modified or missing. In this project, the goal is to present a machine learningbased approach for content-based analysis to recognize the file types of file fragments. It does so by training a Feed-Forward Neural Network with a 2-byte sequence histogram feature vector which is calculated for each file. These files are obtained from a publicly available file corpus named Govdocs1. The results show that content-based analysis is more reliable than relying on the header and footer data of files.