scholarly journals Real-Time Triggering of Android Memory Dumps for Stealthy Attack Investigation

2021 ◽  
pp. 20-36
Author(s):  
Jennifer Bellizzi ◽  
Mark Vella ◽  
Christian Colombo ◽  
Julio Hernandez-Castro
Keyword(s):  
Resource Constraints ◽  
Trigger Point ◽  
Trigger Points ◽  
Just In Time ◽  
Point Selection ◽  
Critical Data ◽  
Memory Forensics ◽  
Data Objects ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Detection Mechanisms

AbstractAttackers regularly target Android phones and come up with new ways to bypass detection mechanisms to achieve long-term stealth on a victim’s phone. One way attackers do this is by leveraging critical benign app functionality to carry out specific attacks.In this paper, we present a novel generalised framework, JIT-MF (Just-in-time Memory Forensics), which aims to address the problem of timely collection of short-lived evidence in volatile memory to solve the stealthiest of Android attacks. The main components of this framework are i) Identification of critical data objects in memory linked with critical benign application steps that may be misused by an attacker; and ii) Careful selection of trigger points, which identify when memory dumps should be taken during benign app execution.The effectiveness and cost of trigger point selection, a cornerstone of this framework, are evaluated in a preliminary qualitative study using Telegram and Pushbullet as the victim apps targeted by stealthy malware. Our study identifies that JIT-MF is successful in dumping critical data objects on time, providing evidence that eludes all other forensic sources. Experimentation offers insight into identifying categories of trigger points that can strike a balance between the effort required for selection and the resulting effectiveness and storage costs. Several optimisation measures for the JIT-MF tools are presented, considering the typical resource constraints of Android devices.

scholarly journals The Automatization of a New Thermography Method Using Invasive Nociceptive Stimulation to Confirm an Autonomic Phenomenon within a Trigger Point Referred Pain Zone

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 893
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Skorupska ◽  
Tomasz Dybek ◽  
Michał Rychlik ◽  
Marta Jokiel ◽  
Paweł Dobrakowski
Keyword(s):  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Trigger Point ◽  
Invasive Procedure ◽  
Trigger Points ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Referred Pain ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Software Utility

The trigger points (TrPs) related to chronic low back pain that mimic sciatica have been lately recognized and included in the International Classification of Diseases, 11th Revision. This study examined the MATLAB software utility for the objective stratification of low back pain patients using the Minimally Invasive Procedure (MIP). The two diagnostic MIP parameters were: average temperature (ΔTavr) and autonomic referred pain (AURP). Chronic sciatica patients with TrPs (n = 20) and without TrPs (n = 20) were examined using the MIP. A significant increase in both parameters was confirmed for the thigh ROI of the TrP-positive patients, with ΔTavr being the leading parameter (p = 0.016, Exp(β) = 2.603). A continued significance of both parameters was confirmed from 6′00″ to 15′30″ (p < 0.05). The maximum AURP value was confirmed at 13′30″ (p < 0.05) (TrPs(+) 20.4 ± 19.9% vs. TrPs(-) 3.77 ± 9.14%; p = 0.000; CI (0.347,0.348)).

scholarly journals DRY NEEDLING SEBAGAI TERAPI NYERI MIOFASIAL SERVIKAL

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanik Badriyah Hidayat ◽  
Annisa Oktavianti
Keyword(s):  
Trigger Point ◽  
Trigger Points ◽  
Myofascial Trigger Point ◽  
Dry Needling ◽  
Myofascial Trigger Points

Nyeri miofasial servikal (NMS) merupakan sumber nyeri umum pada individu dengan nyeri leher kronik nonspesifik. Nyeri dapat bersifat lokal, regional dan dapat juga memiliki banyak titik pemicu nyeri (myofascial trigger points/MTrPs). NMS menyebabkan nyeri di daerah otot servikal maupun fasia di sekitarnya. Nyeri leher menurunkan kualitas hidup, menurunkan produktivitas dan menyebabkan disabilitas sehingga berpengaruh secara sosioekonomi terhadap penderita dan masyarakat.Pengobatan sindrom nyeri miofasial servikal masih belum memuaskan terkait kronisitasnya. Dry needling (DN) adalah salah satu pilihan terapi nonfarmakologi yang bisa diterapkan pada NMS. DN akan mengurangi sensitisasi perifer dan sentral dengan menghilangkan sumber nosisepsi perifer (area MTrPs), memodulasi aktifitas kornu dorsalis dan mengaktifkan jalur inhibisi nyeri sentral.Neurolog sering menangani kasus NMS dan perkembangan DN akhir-akhir ini semakin pesat sebagai manajemen nyeri. Namun, keefektifan terapi DN masih belum jelas. Oleh karena itu, pengetahuan tentang peran DN pada NMS ini penting untuk diketahui oleh para neurolog. Artikel kami akan membahas tentang peran DN pada sindrom nyeri miofasial servikal.Kata kunci: Dry needling, nyeri miofasial servikal, terapi, myofascial trigger point

scholarly journals EFFECTIVENESS OF ISCHEMIC COMPRESSION ON TRIGGER POINTS FOR REDUCTION OF PAIN AND SPASM OF TRAPEZIUS MUSCLE

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-27
Author(s):  
Mubarra Rao ◽  
Sadia Shafaq
Keyword(s):  
Trigger Point ◽  
Trapezius Muscle ◽  
Trigger Points ◽  
Ultrasound Therapy ◽  
Myofascial Trigger Point ◽  
Myofascial Trigger Points ◽  
Reduction Of Pain ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Hot Pack

Myofascial trigger point is a hyperirritable nodule present in a palpable taut band of skeletal muscle, often results from muscle injury or repetitive strain that cause pain and tightness. Myofascial trigger points are one of the most common causes of chronic neck pain. This study aims to determine the efficacy of ischemic compression in comparison with myofascial stretching on trigger points of trapezius muscle for reduction of pain and spasm. Randomized Control Trial. The study was conducted in Ziauddin Hospital. 96 participants were enrolled in the study. Participants were divided into two groups equally and randomly, Group (A) an intervention group treated with hot pack, ultrasound therapy and ischemic compression, Group (B) a control group treated with hot pack, ultrasound therapy and myofascial stretching. This regime was followed thrice a week for three weeks. Statistically significant (P < 0.05) changes in the values were found in Group A and Group B for Visual Analog scale and Penn spasm frequency scale post treatment. The results showed that there is significant difference found after both interventions for the treatment of pain and spasm caused by myofascial trigger point. It cannot be said that ischemic compression is more effective than myofascial stretching for the treatment of myofascial trigger points of trapezius muscle.

scholarly journals Dry needling of the gastrocnemius muscle. Overlap between trigger point area and the presence of blood vessels

2019 ◽  
Vol 02 (02) ◽  
pp. 063-063
Author(s):  
Velasco Fernández P. ◽  
Valera Garrido F.
Keyword(s):  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Gastrocnemius Muscle ◽  
Trigger Point ◽  
Trigger Points ◽  
Medial Gastrocnemius ◽  
Dry Needling ◽  
Lateral Gastrocnemius ◽  
Myofascial Trigger Points ◽  
Gastrocnemius Muscles ◽  
Venous Pattern

Abstract Aims To evaluate the anatomic variability of the gastrocnemius venous system using ultrasound and the overlap of the same with myofascial trigger points (MTrPs 1 and 2) clinically located in this muscle. Material and Methods In total, 82 legs of 41 healthy adults were studied, belonging to 26 men and 15 women aged between 22 and 50 years. The blood vessels located below MTrP1 and MTrP2, described by Travell and Simons were observed, and each image was analyzed by sectors (medial, central and lateral) to quantify the number of blood vessels, their distribution and overlap with the MTrPs described at this level. Results Examination of the 164 heads of 82 gastrocnemius muscles revealed that at least one vessel exists for each section analyzed. The number of veins per head varied between 1 and 8. The most common pattern in the medial gastrocnemius was three vessels (41.5%) and two vessels (49%) in the lateral gastrocnemius. In 100% of the cases the localization of the veins coincided with the clinical localization of the MTrPs. Conclusions The venous pattern of the proximal gastrocnemius is highly variable among subjects regarding the number of blood vessels and their distribution. There is a complete overlap between the clinical localization of the gastrocnemius MTrPs and the presence of blood vessels.

Referred Knee Pain Treated with Electroacupuncture to Iliopsoas

2003 ◽  
Vol 21 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 32-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mike Cummings
Keyword(s):  
Knee Pain ◽  
Acupuncture Treatment ◽  
Trigger Point ◽  
Rectus Femoris ◽  
Trigger Points ◽  
Hip Resurfacing ◽  
Left Knee ◽  
Myofascial Trigger Point ◽  
Resurfacing Arthroplasty ◽  
History Of

This is a case report of a 33-year-old woman who presented with an eight year history of deep left knee pain. The pain was originally diagnosed as deriving from osteoarthrosis of the hip secondary to dysplasia, however, the same pain returned at seven months, and again at 10 months, after successful hip resurfacing arthroplasty. Six to eight weeks after the start of the second relapse of referred knee pain, the patient sought acupuncture treatment at the British Medical Acupuncture Society's London Teaching Clinic. A single myofascial trigger point was found in iliopsoas that reproduced the patient's pain. It was successfully treated with two sessions of electroacupuncture applied directly to the point. Pain referral to the knee from trigger points in the upper part of rectus femoris is well recognised, however, this pattern of referral from iliopsoas has not been described previously.

Trigger Point Dry Needling versus Strain–counterstrain Technique for Upper Trapezius Myofascial Trigger Points: A Randomised Controlled Trial

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 171-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Segura-Ortí ◽  
S Prades-Vergara ◽  
L Manzaneda-Piña ◽  
R Valero-Martínez ◽  
JA Polo-Traverso
Keyword(s):  
Randomised Controlled Trial ◽  
Trigger Point ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Trigger Points ◽  
Dry Needling ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Myofascial Trigger Points ◽  
Upper Trapezius ◽  
Pain Pressure Threshold ◽  
Randomised Controlled

Background Treatment of active myofascial trigger points includes both invasive and non-invasive techniques. Objectives To compare the effects of upper trapezius trigger point dry needling (DN) and strain–counterstrain (SCS) techniques versus sham SCS. Study Design Randomised controlled trial. Method 34 study subjects with active trigger points were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups, and received either three sessions of DN (n=12), six sessions of SCS (n=10), or sham SCS (n=12) over a 3-week period. Subjective pain response and subjects’ own ratings of perceived disability were measured. Results The analysis of variance mixed model showed a significant time effect for pain (p<0.001), elicited pain (p<0.001), pain pressure threshold (p<0.01), and neck disability index (p=0.016). Pain at rest decreased in all groups, as follows: DN 18.5 mm (95% CI 4.3 to 32.7 mm); SCS 28.3 mm (95% CI 12.4 to 44.1 mm); sham SCS 21.9 mm (95% CI 3.5 to 40.1 mm). Reductions in disability score (points) were significant in the SCS group (5.5, 95% CI 1.6 to 9.4) but not in the DN (1.4, 95% CI −4.9 to 2.1) or sham SCS (1.8, 95% CI −6.4 to 2.7) groups. There was no significant group×time interaction effect for any variables studied. Conclusions There were no differences between the sham SCS, SCS, and DN groups in any of the outcome measures. DN relieved pain after fewer sessions than SCS and sham SCS, and thus may be a more efficient technique. Future studies should include a larger sample size. Trial Registration Number NCT01290653.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Myofascial Trigger Point Dry Needling in the Prevention of Pain after Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Trial

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orlando Mayoral ◽  
Isabel Salvat ◽  
María Teresa Martín ◽  
Stella Martín ◽  
Jesús Santiago ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
Physical Therapist ◽  
Trigger Point ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Trigger Points ◽  
Dry Needling ◽  
Myofascial Trigger Points ◽  
Total Knee

The aim of this study was to determine whether the dry needling of myofascial trigger points (MTrPs) is superior to placebo in the prevention of pain after total knee arthroplasty. Forty subjects were randomised to a true dry needling group (T) or to a sham group (S). All were examined for MTrPs by an experienced physical therapist 4–5 hours before surgery. Immediately following anesthesiology and before surgery started, subjects in the T group were dry needled in all previously diagnosed MTrPs, while the S group received no treatment in their MTrPs. Subjects were blinded to group allocation as well as the examiner in presurgical and follow-up examinations performed 1, 3, and 6 months after arthroplasty. Subjects in the T group had less pain after intervention, with statistically significant differences in the variation rate of the visual analogue scale (VAS) measurements 1 month after intervention and in the need for immediate postsurgery analgesics. Differences were not significant at 3- and 6-month follow-up examinations. In conclusion, a single dry needling treatment of MTrP under anaesthesia reduced pain in the first month after knee arthroplasty, when pain was the most severe. Results show a superiority of dry needling versus placebo. An interesting novel placebo methodology for dry needling, with a real blinding procedure, is presented.

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