Estimating a Set of Pure XANES Spectra from Multicomponent Chemical Mixtures Using a Transformation Matrix-Based Approach

Author(s):  
Andrea Martini ◽  
Alexander A. Guda ◽  
Sergey A. Guda ◽  
Anastasiia Dulina ◽  
Francesco Tavani ◽  
...  
2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leo Posthuma ◽  
Werner Brack ◽  
Jos van Gils ◽  
Andreas Focks ◽  
Christin Müller ◽  
...  

Abstract The ecological status of European surface waters may be affected by multiple stressors including exposure to chemical mixtures. Currently, two different approaches are used separately to inform water quality management: the diagnosis of the deterioration of aquatic ecosystems caused by nutrient loads and habitat quality, and assessment of chemical pollution based on a small set of chemicals. As integrated assessments would improve the basis for sound water quality management, it is recommended to apply a holistic approach to integrated water quality status assessment and management. This allows for estimating the relative contributions of exposure to mixtures of the chemicals present and of other stressors to impaired ecological status of European water bodies. Improved component- and effect-based methods for chemicals are available to support this. By applying those methods, it was shown that a holistic diagnostic approach is feasible, and that chemical pollution acts as a limiting factor for the ecological status of European surface waters. In a case study on Dutch surface waters, the impact on ecological status could be traced back to chemical pollution affecting individual species. The results are also useful as calibration of the outcomes of component-based mixture assessment (risk quotients or mixture toxic pressures) on ecological impacts. These novel findings provide a basis for a causal and integrated analysis of water quality and improved methods for the identification of the most important stressor groups, including chemical mixtures, to support integrated knowledge-guided management decisions on water quality.


1970 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
LARRY L. YOUNG ◽  
ROLF E. BARGMANN ◽  
JOHN J. POWERS

2009 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 1085-1105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gábor Pongor ◽  
János Eőri ◽  
János Rohonczy ◽  
Zsuzsanna Kolos

Author(s):  
P. E. Nikravesh ◽  
G. Gim

Abstract This paper presents a systematic method for deriving the minimum number of equations of motion for multibody system containing closed kinematic loops. A set of joint or natural coordinates is used to describe the configuration of the system. The constraint equations associated with the closed kinematic loops are found systematically in terms of the joint coordinates. These constraints and their corresponding elements are constructed from known block matrices representing different kinematic joints. The Jacobian matrix associated with these constraints is further used to find a velocity transformation matrix. The equations of motions are initially written in terms of the dependent joint coordinates using the Lagrange multiplier technique. Then the velocity transformation matrix is used to derive a minimum number of equations of motion in terms of a set of independent joint coordinates. An illustrative example and numerical results are presented, and the advantages and disadvantages of the method are discussed.


1997 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hisham A. El-Masri ◽  
Kenneth F. Reardon ◽  
Raymond S. H. Yang

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