3D Printing Methods Applicable in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

Defects in the oral and maxillofacial (OMF) complex may lead to functional and esthetic impairment, aspiration, speech difficulty, and reduced quality of life. Reconstruction of such defects is considered one of the most challenging procedures in head and neck surgery. Transfer of different auto-grafts is still considered as the “gold standard” of regenerative and reconstructive procedures for OMF defects. However, harvesting of these grafts can lead to many complications including donor-site morbidity, extending of surgical time, incomplete healing of the donor site and others. Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology is an innovative technique that allows the fabrication of personalized implants and scaffolds that fit the precise anatomy of an individual’s defect and, therefore, has attracted significant attention during the last few decades, especially among head and neck surgeons. Here we discuss the most relevant applications of the 3D printing technology in the oral and maxillofacial surgery field. We further show different clinical examples of patients who were treated at our institute using the 3D technology and discuss the indications, different technologies, complications, and their clinical outcomes. We demonstrate that 3D technology may provide a powerful tool used for reconstruction of various OMF defects, enabling optimal clinical results in the suitable cases.

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Clinical efficacy and effectiveness of 3D printing: a systematic review

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016891 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (12) ◽

pp. e016891 ◽

Cited By ~ 47

Author(s):

Laura E Diment ◽

Mark S Thompson ◽

Jeroen H M Bergmann

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

3D Printing ◽

Clinical Efficacy ◽

Musculoskeletal System ◽

Preoperative Planning ◽

Maxillofacial Surgery ◽

Oral And Maxillofacial Surgery ◽

Level Of Evidence ◽

Standard Clinical Practice ◽

3D Printed

ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical efficacy and effectiveness of using 3D printing to develop medical devices across all medical fields.DesignSystematic review compliant with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses.Data sourcesPubMed, Web of Science, OVID, IEEE Xplore and Google Scholar.MethodsA double-blinded review method was used to select all abstracts up to January 2017 that reported on clinical trials of a three-dimensional (3D)-printed medical device. The studies were ranked according to their level of evidence, divided into medical fields based on the International Classification of Diseases chapter divisions and categorised into whether they were used for preoperative planning, aiding surgery or therapy. The Downs and Black Quality Index critical appraisal tool was used to assess the quality of reporting, external validity, risk of bias, risk of confounding and power of each study.ResultsOf the 3084 abstracts screened, 350 studies met the inclusion criteria. Oral and maxillofacial surgery contained 58.3% of studies, and 23.7% covered the musculoskeletal system. Only 21 studies were randomised controlled trials (RCTs), and all fitted within these two fields. The majority of RCTs were 3D-printed anatomical models for preoperative planning and guides for aiding surgery. The main benefits of these devices were decreased surgical operation times and increased surgical accuracy.ConclusionsAll medical fields that assessed 3D-printed devices concluded that they were clinically effective. The fields that most rigorously assessed 3D-printed devices were oral and maxillofacial surgery and the musculoskeletal system, both of which concluded that the 3D-printed devices outperformed their conventional comparators. However, the efficacy and effectiveness of 3D-printed devices remain undetermined for the majority of medical fields. 3D-printed devices can play an important role in healthcare, but more rigorous and long-term assessments are needed to determine if 3D-printed devices are clinically relevant before they become part of standard clinical practice.

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A Review of 3D Printing in Dentistry: Technologies, Affecting Factors, and Applications

Scanning ◽

10.1155/2021/9950131 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-19

Author(s):

Yueyi Tian ◽

ChunXu Chen ◽

Xiaotong Xu ◽

Jiayin Wang ◽

Xingyu Hou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

3D Printing ◽

Computer Aided Design ◽

Fused Deposition Modeling ◽

Complex Geometry ◽

Maxillofacial Surgery ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Oral And Maxillofacial Surgery ◽

Affecting Factors ◽

Fused Deposition ◽

Oral Implantology

Three-dimensional (3D) printing technologies are advanced manufacturing technologies based on computer-aided design digital models to create personalized 3D objects automatically. They have been widely used in the industry, design, engineering, and manufacturing fields for nearly 30 years. Three-dimensional printing has many advantages in process engineering, with applications in dentistry ranging from the field of prosthodontics, oral and maxillofacial surgery, and oral implantology to orthodontics, endodontics, and periodontology. This review provides a practical and scientific overview of 3D printing technologies. First, it introduces current 3D printing technologies, including powder bed fusion, photopolymerization molding, and fused deposition modeling. Additionally, it introduces various factors affecting 3D printing metrics, such as mechanical properties and accuracy. The final section presents a summary of the clinical applications of 3D printing in dentistry, including manufacturing working models and main applications in the fields of prosthodontics, oral and maxillofacial surgery, and oral implantology. The 3D printing technologies have the advantages of high material utilization and the ability to manufacture a single complex geometry; nevertheless, they have the disadvantages of high cost and time-consuming postprocessing. The development of new materials and technologies will be the future trend of 3D printing in dentistry, and there is no denying that 3D printing will have a bright future.

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3D Printing: Towards the Future of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

Acta Scientific Dental Scienecs ◽

10.31080/asds.2020.04.0870 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (7) ◽

pp. 107-112

Author(s):

Marwa G Noureldin ◽

Noha Y Dessoky

Keyword(s):

3D Printing ◽

Maxillofacial Surgery ◽

Oral And Maxillofacial Surgery ◽

The Future

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3D Printing Role in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Current and Future Trends

Advances in Dentistry & Oral Health ◽

10.19080/adoh.2016.02.555588 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Joseph Krajekian

Keyword(s):

3D Printing ◽

Maxillofacial Surgery ◽

Oral And Maxillofacial Surgery ◽

Future Trends

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Utilizing a low-cost desktop 3D printer to develop a “one-stop 3D printing lab” for oral and maxillofacial surgery and dentistry fields

3D Printing in Medicine ◽

10.1186/s41205-018-0028-5 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Takashi Kamio ◽

Kamichika Hayashi ◽

Takeshi Onda ◽

Takashi Takaki ◽

Takahiko Shibahara ◽

...

Keyword(s):

3D Printing ◽

Low Cost ◽

Maxillofacial Surgery ◽

Oral And Maxillofacial Surgery ◽

3D Printer ◽

One Stop

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Cast Metal Surgical Guides: An Affordable Adjunct to Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

Craniomaxillofacial Trauma & Reconstruction Open ◽

10.1177/2472751220960268 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 ◽

pp. 247275122096026

Author(s):

Chitra Chakravarthy ◽

Daisy Aranha ◽

Santosh Kumar Malyala ◽

Ravi S Patil

Keyword(s):

3D Printing ◽

Maxillofacial Surgery ◽

Hybrid Approach ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Oral And Maxillofacial Surgery ◽

Operating Table ◽

Functional Rehabilitation ◽

Printing Technology ◽

3D Printing Technology ◽

Surgical Guides

Additive manufacturing or 3-dimensional (3D) printing technology has an incredulous ability to create complex constructs with high exactitude. Surgical guides printed using this technology allows the transfer of the virtual surgical plan to the operating table, optimizing aesthetic outcomes, and functional rehabilitation. A vast variety of materials are currently being used in medical 3D printing, including metals, ceramics, polymers, and composites. The guides fabricated with titanium have high strength, excellent biocompatibility, and are sterilizable but take time to print and are expensive. We have thus followed a hybrid approach to fabricate an inexpensive surgical guide using metal where the advantage of 3D printing technology has been combined with the routinely followed investment casting procedure to fabricate guides using nickel–chromium, which has all the advantages of a metal and is cost-effective.

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