X-IoT: Architecture and Use Cases for an IoT Platform in the Area of Smart Cities

2021 ◽  
pp. 293-316
Author(s):  
Eldar Sultanow ◽  
Alina Chircu ◽  
Sergey Patsko ◽  
Pierre-Adrien Hanania ◽  
Sean Cox ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smart Cities ◽  
Use Cases ◽  
Iot Platform

Smart contracts for automated control system in Blockchain based smart cities

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Nihar Ranjan Pradhan ◽  
Akhilendra Pratap Singh
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Management ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Use Cases ◽  
Smart Contracts ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Automated Control ◽  
Smart Healthcare ◽  
Building Monitoring ◽  
Share Data

Nowadays, smart applications are increasing day by day to improve the standard of living in smart cities. A modern-day smart city is characterized by the presence of numerous smart Information and Communication Technology (ICT)-enabled services such as automated healthcare, automatic building monitoring, home automation, smart parking, traffic management, data security, among others. Such cities employ multitudes of Internet of Things (IoT) devices to collect and share data between trusted users by means of a centralized intermediary for monitoring and control of the myriad automatic activities. However, a centralized intermediary is plagued by issues such as single point of failure, risk of data loss, man-in-the-middle attack, and so forth. Blockchain-based smart contracts for automated control in smart cities provide a decentralized and secure alternative. In this paper, an Ethereum based system design for decentralized applications in smart cities has been proposed that enables systems to share data without an intermediary between trusted and non-trusted stakeholders using Ethereum based self-executing contracts. Such contracts allow automated multi-step workflows for smart applications. Two use cases, have been considered namely smart healthcare and smart building monitoring, as proof of stake of the proposed Ethereum based contract. The performance of the proposed scheme for these use cases has been presented with Keccack 256 transaction hash, the total number of transactions, gas consumed by each contract. Such an attempt is a worthwhile addition to state of the art as evident from the results presented herein. The modeling simulation and analysis of hashing power shows that for hashing power greater than 55% the probability of double spending attack reaches to 42% maximum. So it is concluded that the probability of double spending increases with the increase of transaction values.

scholarly journals Conceptual Technological Framework for Smart Cities to Move towards Decentralized and User-Centric Architectures Using DLT

Smart Cities ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 728-745
Author(s):  
Victor Garcia-Font
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Use Cases ◽  
Distributed Ledger ◽  
Trust Models ◽  
User Centric ◽  
Integrate Data

Nowadays, many urban areas are developing projects that are included within the area of smart cities. These systems tend to be highly heterogeneous and involve a large number of different technologies and participants. In general, cities deploy systems to integrate data and to provide protocols to ease interconnectivity between different subsystems. However, this is not enough to build a completely interoperable smart city, where control fully belongs to city administrators and citizens. Currently, in most cases, subsystems tend to be deployed and operated by providers creating silos. Furthermore, citizens, who should be the center of these systems, are often relegated to being just another participant. In this article, we study how smart cities can move towards decentralized and user-centric systems relying on distributed ledger technologies (DLT). For this, we define a conceptual framework that describes the interaction between smart city components, their participants, and the DLT ecosystem. We analyze the trust models that are created between the participants in the most relevant use cases, and we study the suitability of the different DLT types.

scholarly journals Enabling the Industrial Internet of Things to Cloud Continuum in a Real City Environment

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (22) ◽  
pp. 7707
Author(s):  
Fábio Henrique Cabrini ◽  
Filippo Valiante Valiante Filho ◽  
Pedro Rito ◽  
Albérico Barros Barros Filho ◽  
Susana Sargento ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Industrial Internet Of Things ◽  
Global Industry ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
City Environment ◽  
Iot Platform ◽  
Industrial Internet ◽  
Living Lab ◽  
And Performance

The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) is one of the most demanding IoT applications. The insertion of industries in the context of smart cities and other smart environments, allied with new communication technologies such as 5G, brings a new horizon of possibilities and new requirements. These requirements include low latency, the support of a massive quantity of devices and data, and the need to support horizontal communications between devices at the edge level. To make this feasible, it is necessary to establish an IIoT-to-cloud continuum distributing federated brokers across the infrastructure and providing scalability and interoperability. To attend this type of application, we present the Helix Multi-layered IoT platform and its operating modes. We report and discuss its real-world deployment in the Aveiro Tech City Living Lab in Aveiro, Portugal with functional and performance tests. We tested device-to-device communication across edge and core layers and also interconnected the infrastructure with one in São Paulo, Brazil, replicating the use of a global industry. The successful deployment validates the use of a Helix Multi-layered IoT platform as a suitable backend platform for IIoT applications capable of establishing the IIoT-to-cloud continuum. It also helps for the deployment of other applications in such a domain.

scholarly journals Analyzing and Evaluating Smart Cities for IoT Based on Use Cases Using the Analytic Network Process

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Chao Huang ◽  
Shah Nazir
Keyword(s):  
Smart City ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Information Leakage ◽  
Analytic Network Process ◽  
Use Cases ◽  
Security And Privacy ◽  
World Population ◽  
Network Process ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
And Control

With the passage of time, the world population is growing. Proper utilization of resources and other devices is tremendously playing an important role to easily examine, manage, and control the resources of the Internet of Things (IoT) in the smart city. Research in the field of IoT has revolutionized the services mostly in smart cities. In the smart city, the applications of IoT are utilized without human involvement. Diverse IoT devices are connected with each other and communicate for different tasks. With the existence of a huge number of IoT devices in the forthcoming years, the chances of privacy breach and information leakage are increasing. Billions of devices connected on IoT producing huge volume of data bound to cloud for processing, management, and storage. Sending of whole data to the cloud might create risk of security and privacy. Various needs of the smart city should be considered for both urgent and effective solutions to support requirements of the growing population. On the other side of rising technology, the IoT evolution has massively produced diverse research directions for the smart city. Keeping in view the use cases of the smart city, the proposed study presents the analytic network process (ANP) for evaluating smart cities. The approach of ANP works well in the situation of complexity, and vagueness exists among the available alternatives. The experimental results of the planned approach show that the approach is effective for evaluating the smart cities for IoT based on the use cases.

scholarly journals SMART CITY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY PROFILE: USE CASE MODELING BASED ON SIMPLICIAL COMPLEXES

2020 ◽  
Vol VI-4/W2-2020 ◽  
pp. 25-32
Author(s):  
Y. Berrou ◽  
E. Soulier ◽  
P. Calvez ◽  
B. Birregah ◽  
P. Vidal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Simplicial Complexes ◽  
Use Cases ◽  
Use Case ◽  
City Development ◽  
Case Definitions ◽  
Strategic Development ◽  
Architecture Model

Abstract. According to three workshops organized as part of a study on public service delegation of data, use case definitions appeared to be a common issue for cities. To facilitate this step in city projects, one possibility is to define their profiles precisely and to compare these to their development strategies to highlight whether they are aligned, and eventually, to adjust the activities accordingly. In this context, a smart city profile model was developed based on the bibliometric analysis of smart cities in the work of (Mora and Deakin, 2019). Thereafter, a smart city model was developed based on the Smart Grid Architecture Model to aid in implementing the use cases, as presented in the work of (Gottschalk et al., 2017) and the IEC 62559-2 standard. Finally, four smart city profiles were identified and a profile characterization method was proposed using simplicial complexes. The results of the analysis of a smart city profile using this method enabled an in-depth understanding of the profile, which can aid cities in identifying new use cases to implement to be in line with their strategic development.

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