scholarly journals Statistics with Imprecise Probabilities—A Short Survey

2021 ◽  
pp. 67-79
Author(s):  
Thomas Augustin
Keyword(s):  
Probabilistic Models ◽  
Statistical Modelling ◽  
Imprecise Probabilities ◽  
Paradigmatic Shift ◽  
Short Survey ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Data Imprecision

AbstractThis chapter aims at surveying and highlighting in an introductory way some challenges and big opportunities a paradigmatic shift to imprecise probabilities could induce in statistical modelling. Working with an informal understanding of imprecise probabilities, we discuss the concepts of model imprecision and data imprecision as the two main types of imprecision in statistical modelling. Then we provide a short survey of some major developments, methodological questions and applications of imprecise probabilistic models under model imprecision in the context of different inference schools and summarize some recent developments in the area of data imprecision.

Wait, It’s a Discourse Marker

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-43
Author(s):  
Sali A. Tagliamonte
Keyword(s):  
American English ◽  
Statistical Modelling ◽  
Left Periphery ◽  
Unique Contribution ◽  
Early Assessment ◽  
Linguistic Change ◽  
Lexical Meaning ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
No Wait ◽  
Underlying Processes

This study investigates a discourse-pragmatic use of the word wait in spoken North American English. This function is an extension from an original lexical meaning of pausing or lingering which has extended to indicate a pause in discourse as a speaker reflects on or corrects an earlier topic. Over 340 examples from 211 individuals permit comparative sociolinguistic methods and statistical modelling in order to offer an early assessment of the variation among alternates of this innovative use and to test for broad social and linguistic factors in order to understand the underlying processes. The results expose notable recent developments: older people use longer, more temporally specified variants, wait a minute/wait a second, while wait alone is increasing in apparent time with women leading its advance. The robust increase in use of wait alone, e.g. “I haven’t seen her yet. No wait. Yes, I have”, co-occurrence with other markers, e.g. no, and the function of self-correction/commentary arises after 1970. The unique contribution of socially stratified corpora also demonstrates that this development follows well-known principles of linguistic change as wait develops from a verb with temporal specification to a full-fledged discourse-pragmatic marker on the left periphery. “…markers allow speakers to construct and integrate multiple planes and dimensions of an emergent reality” (Schiffrin 1987:330)

scholarly journals Models and indicators for assessing conservation and fisheries-related effects of marine protected areas

2008 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 765-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominique Pelletier ◽  
Joachim Claudet ◽  
Jocelyne Ferraris ◽  
Lisandro Benedetti-Cecchi ◽  
José Antonio Garcìa-Charton
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Marine Protected Areas ◽  
Statistical Models ◽  
Dynamic Models ◽  
Statistical Modelling ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Management Policies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Support Decision Making ◽  
Dynamics Of Populations

Two kinds of approaches have been used for assessing conservation and fisheries-related effects of marine protected areas (MPAs): (i) statistical modelling based on field data and (ii) mathematical modelling quantifying the consequences of MPAs on the dynamics of populations, communities, and fisheries. Statistical models provide a diagnostic on the impact of MPAs on the ecosystem and resources; they are also needed for devising and assessing sampling designs for monitoring programs. Dynamic models enable exploration of the consequences of MPA designs and other management policies. We briefly review how each of these approaches has been implemented up to now in the literature and identify potential indicators of MPA effects that can be obtained from each approach to provide scientific advice for managers. Methodological gaps that impede the assessment of MPA effects and the construction of appropriate indicators are then discussed, and recent developments in this respect are presented. We finally propose ways to reconcile the two approaches based on their complementarity to derive suitable indicators to support decision making. In this respect, we suggest in addition that MPA managers should be associated from the beginning to the design and construction of indicators.

scholarly journals Modelling Tabular Data with an Ordered Outcome

1996 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Vernon Gayle
Keyword(s):  
Model Building ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Statistical Modelling ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
Ratio Model ◽  
Ordered Categories ◽  
Continuation Ratio ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Log Linear

A large amount of data that is considered within sociological studies consists of categorical variables that lend themselves to tabular analysis. In the sociological analysis of data regarding social class and educational attainment, for example, the variables of interest can often plausibly be considered as having a substantively interesting order. Standard log-linear models do not take ordinality into account, thereby potentially they may disregard useful information. Analyzing tables where the response variable has ordered categories through model building has been problematic in software packages such as GLIM (Aitken et al., 1989). Recent developments in statistical modelling have offered new possibilities and this paper explores one option, namely the continuation ratio model which was initially reported by Fienberg and Mason (1979). The fitting of this model to data in tabular form is possible in GLIM although not especially trivial and by and large this approach has not been employed in sociological research. In this paper I outline the continuation ratio model and comment upon how it can be fitted to data by sociologists using the GLIM software. In addition I present a short description of the relative merits of such an approach. Presenting this paper in an electronic format facilitates the possibility of replicating the analysis. The data is appended to the paper in the appropriate format along with a copy of the GLIM transcript. A dumped GLIM4 file is also attached.

scholarly journals Lorenzen and Constructive Mathematics

2021 ◽  
pp. 47-61
Author(s):  
Thierry Coquand
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Logic ◽  
Measure Theory ◽  
Constructive Mathematics ◽  
Short Survey ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Constructive Algebra

Abstract The goal of this paper is to present a short survey of some of Lorenzen’s contributions to constructive mathematics, and its influence on recent developments in mathematical logic and constructive algebra. We also present some work in measure theory which uses these contributions in an essential way.

Random Vibration: A Survey of Recent Developments

1983 ◽  
Vol 50 (4b) ◽  
pp. 953-962 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. H. Crandall ◽  
W. Q. Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Random Vibration ◽  
Probabilistic Models ◽  
Response Prediction ◽  
Random Excitation ◽  
Random Response ◽  
System Parameters ◽  
The Past ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Technical Discipline ◽  
Recent Developments

A general overview of the problems, methods, and results achieved in random vibration since its inception as a technical discipline nearly 30 years ago is given with particular emphasis on developments during the past 15 years. Research areas of current interest include development of improved probabilistic models for sources of random excitation, development of more effective random response prediction procedures for nonlinear systems and systems with parametric excitation, development of improved procedures for estimating reliability of systems undergoing random vibration, and development of improved techniques for identification of system parameters from measurements made during random vibration.

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