Application of Artificial Intelligence in Medicine: An Overview

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a new technical discipline that uses computer technology to research and develop the theory, method, technique, and application system for the simulation, extension, and expansion of human intelligence. With the assistance of new AI technology, the traditional medical environment has changed a lot. For example, a patient’s diagnosis based on radiological, pathological, endoscopic, ultrasonographic, and biochemical examinations has been effectively promoted with a higher accuracy and a lower human workload. The medical treatments during the perioperative period, including the preoperative preparation, surgical period, and postoperative recovery period, have been significantly enhanced with better surgical effects. In addition, AI technology has also played a crucial role in medical drug production, medical management, and medical education, taking them into a new direction. The purpose of this review is to introduce the application of AI in medicine and to provide an outlook of future trends.

Project Performance Analysis Using Hierarchical Clustering Method

This paper deals with the project management performance analysis in automotive industry and usage of the advanced analytics to optimize the performance of the engineering projects within the vehicle manufacturing facility. The aim is to identify and mitigate the common causes of project delay (slippage) in various engineering projects that are independent of the technical discipline where a particular project belongs to. We have used the hierarchical clustering technique here to identify the sub-groups of similar projects and further deeply analysed those ones with the highest average slippage. Keywords—Cluster analysis, Data, Delay, Distance, Hierarchical clustering, Metric, Project, Slippage, Strategy

Nem lineáris életutak a felsőoktatásban, avagy hogyan kerüljük el a lemorzsolódást?

Összefoglaló. Napjainkban a felsőoktatás-kutatás egyik kiemelt területe a lemorzsolódás vizsgálata. Tanulmányunk első részében foglalkozunk a tömeges felsőoktatás problémájával, az expanzió elméleti hátterét ismertetve nemzetközi szakirodalmon keresztül adunk példákat a fogalom mai megjelenésére. A tanulmány a hallgatói életutakat vizsgálja, saját automatikus megoldást kínálva az adatelemzésre. Ebből kitekintve, foglalkozunk a műszaki képzési területen is megjelenő újra beiratkozás (re-gólya) jelenségével. Az eredményekből láthatjuk, hogy az újra beiratkozás alternatívát kínál a lemorzsolódásra. Summary. Nowadays some of the most important areas of higher education research are dropping out and related case studies. The first part of our study deals with the development of mass higher education, describing the theoretical background of the expansion. This part provided examples of the current appearance of basic concepts through international literature. The study is about students’ life paths, also covers the topic of dropout researched by many, offering our own automated solution for data analysis. Looking out of the topic of dropout, we are dealing with the re-freshman phenomenon in the field of technical discipline. It can be seen, that other choices, such as re-enrollment, offer an alternative to dropout.

Cognitive Biases and the Cultural Disconnect between Engineers and Decision-makers

Engineering culture is alien to the way the average person thinks and makes decisions. There is a dichotomy between the evidence-based analytical methodologies used by engineers and the intuitive or heuristic processes commonly used by the general public. Both can be appropriate in context, but wrong choices can lead to undesirable and sometimes dire consequences. For the recommendations from an engineering analysis to be accepted by non-technical decision-makers, the findings must be presented in a manner that takes account of human factors. Successful engineers are those who are proficient in translating the language of their technical discipline into that of broader society. A key skill is consequential reasoning, which is contained within engineering codes of ethics but is also critical to the persuasive power of analytical findings. Students and early-career engineers need structured learning in communication and in socio-cultural and emotional intelligence. They need exposure to cognitive psychology and epistemology, especially in relation to bias and false logic. If formal humanities courses cannot be accommodated in the undergraduate engineering degree, then post-graduate and continuing professional development opportunities should be offered.

Improving the execution speed of children alpine skiers, in accordance with the evolution of technique for slalom tests

Alpine skiing is a predominantly technical discipline, whose basic feature is balancing in sliding, it takes place outdoors, in special environmental conditions: altitude, weather conditions, terrain, and types of snow. Practiced regularly from an early age, under the proper guidance of coaches, skiing is transforming from a recreational sport, especially important for children’s health and their harmonious development, into a performance sport. This paper aims to present a new approach to the training systems of alpine skiers on snow. In addition to physical training close to the characteristics of the discipline - we consider that it is necessary a special physical training - of the physical qualities required by the competition effort, respectively of balancing in conditions of sliding on the snow. In this sense, the paper tries to demonstrate that by applying some efficient operational structures in the trainings carried out on the snow, it is possible to improve the execution speed and implicitly the technical expression in the slalom events.

Gubernamentalidad liberal, evaluación y verdad: Sobre el uso político del conocimiento técnico

La evaluación de intervenciones públicas constituye una disciplina técnica cuya finalidad es informar la toma de decisiones gubernamentales. Por ello, resulta especialmente relevante para analizar el problema del uso político del conocimiento. En este sentido, la historia de esta disciplina pone de manifiesto el enfrentamiento entre paradigmas metodológicos en cuya pugna están en juego distintos modos de aplicar los resultados de las evaluaciones. Asimismo, se evidencian las dificultades y distorsiones de esta puesta en práctica, el incumplimiento persistente de los fines asignados a la evaluación. Ello plantea una paradoja: el sentido último de la evaluación es incrementar la eficacia y la utilidad de la acción gubernamental; sin embargo, comparece como una práctica inútil, sin uso efectivo. El presente artículo indaga en las razones de esta paradoja desde una doble perspectiva, constituida por la concepción foucaultiana del acoplamiento entre saberes y dispositivos de gobierno, y las reflexiones de Hannah Arendt sobre la relación entre verdad y política en las sociedades contemporáneas.The evaluation of public interventions is a technical discipline whose purpose is to inform government decision-making. Therefore, it is especially relevant in order to analyze the problem of the political use of knowledge. In this sense, the history of this discipline shows the confrontation between methodological paradigms in whose struggle different ways of implementing the results of evaluations are at stake. Likewise, the difficulties and distortions of this implementation are evidente: the persistent non-compliance of the purposes assigned to the evaluation. This raises a paradox: the ultimate meaning of evaluation is to increase the effectiveness and utility of government action; however, it appears as a useless practice, a practice without effective use. The present article explores the reasons for this paradox from a double perspective, constituted by the Foucaultian conception of the coupling between knowledge and government devices, and the reflections of Hannah Arendt on the relationship between truth and politics in contemporary societies.

Beyond the Islamicate Chancery: Archives, Paperwork, and Textual Encounters across Eurasia, a Preface

This thematic issue of Itinerario brings together a selection of papers presented at the international conference Beyond the Islamicate Chancery: Archives, Paperwork, and Textual Encounters across Eurasia, which was held at the Austrian Academy of Sciences in Vienna in early October 2018. The conference was the third instalment in a series of collaborations between the Institute of Iranian Studies at the Austrian Academy of Sciences and the University of Pittsburgh examining Islamicate cultures of documentation from different angles. Surviving precolonial and colonial chancery archives across Eurasia provide an unparalleled glimpse into the inner workings of connectivity across writing cultures and, especially, documentary practices. This particular meeting has attempted to situate what has traditionally been a highly technical discipline in a broader historical dialogue on the relationship between state power, the archive, and cultural encounters.

Organic bench model applied to surgical suture training

Veterinary and human medicine students should be trained in skills necessary to perform surgical procedures. Regarding the practice of surgical sutures, the methods used include the use of various materials such as fabric device, sponge, pieces of the animals and pieces of ethylene vinyl acetate. This article proposes to use banana and eggplant to train surgical suture techniques. The work was carried out by monitors from the veterinary surgical technical discipline. These monitors performed sutures in the vegetables (green banana and eggplant) and completed a questionnaire on the method. All monitors agreed that vegetables are easy to handle. Most stated that it was a pleasant experience for not using live animals. An advantage of using vegetables is handling, including storage and disposal. Besides, they do not transmit diseases. Animal materials such as bovine tongue, and swine parts that are widely used in suture teaching, present the risk of zoonosis transmission. The proposed organic bench model (banana and eggplant) may be indicated as a complementary alternative to advanced surgical sutures training. In addition, the model in question avoids the use of animals, while respecting ethical and legal issues.