Formulation and Evaluation of Herbal Shampoo: A Comparative Study By DoE/QbD Approach

Some ancient medications were used to make the hair care herbal shampoo powder. Organoglytics, powder characteristics, foam test, and physical evaluation were performed on Tulsi, Shikakai, Heena, Bahera, Amla, Neem, and Brahmi. Existing inspections will assist set standards and assessment criteria, which will undoubtedly aid to standardise the quality and purity of these herbal powder shampoos, due to the selection of drugs once the drugs are used together or jointly. We optimise the formula with the help of the Design of Experiments as per the Quality by Design approach. This paper illustrates broad theoretical as well as practical view of advanced screening design. In addition to the statistical concept‟s regression analysis, parato chart, residual diagnosis, main effect plot, interaction effect plot, design space and multiple response prediction.

Current Understanding of Exosomal MicroRNAs in Glioma Immune Regulation and Therapeutic Responses

Exosomes, the small extracellular vesicles, are released by multiple cell types, including tumor cells, and represent a novel avenue for intercellular communication via transferring diverse biomolecules. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) were demonstrated to be enclosed in exosomes and therefore was protected from degradation. Such exosomal miRNAs can be transmitted to recipient cells where they could regulate multiple cancer-associated biological processes. Accumulative evidence suggests that exosomal miRNAs serve essential roles in modifying the glioma immune microenvironment and potentially affecting the malignant behaviors and therapeutic responses. As exosomal miRNAs are detectable in almost all kinds of biofluids and correlated with clinicopathological characteristics of glioma, they might be served as promising biomarkers for gliomas. We reviewed the novel findings regarding the biological functions of exosomal miRNAs during glioma pathogenesis and immune regulation. Furthermore, we elaborated on their potential clinical applications as biomarkers in glioma diagnosis, prognosis and treatment response prediction. Finally, we summarized the accessible databases that can be employed for exosome-associated miRNAs identification and functional exploration of cancers, including glioma.

DCE-MRI radiomics nomogram can predict response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in esophageal cancer

Objectives To assess volumetric DCE-MRI radiomics nomogram in predicting response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (nCT) in EC patients. Methods This retrospective analysis of a prospective study enrolled EC patients with stage cT1N + M0 or cT2-4aN0-3M0 who received DCE-MRI within 7 days before chemotherapy, followed by surgery. Response assessment was graded from 1 to 5 according to the tumor regression grade (TRG). Patients were stratified into responders (TRG1 + 2) and non-responders (TRG3 + 4 + 5). 72 radiomics features and vascular permeability parameters were extracted from DCE-MRI. The discriminating performance was assessed with ROC. Decision curve analysis (DCA) was used for comparing three different models. Results This cohort included 82 patients, and 72 tumor radiomics features and vascular permeability parameters acquired from DCE-MRI. mRMR and LASSO were performed to choose the optimized subset of radiomics features, and 3 features were selected to create the radiomics signature that were significantly associated with response (P < 0.001). AUC of combining radiomics signature and DCE-MRI performance in the training (n = 41) and validation (n = 41) cohort was 0.84 (95% CI 0.57–1) and 0.86 (95% CI 0.74–0.97), respectively. This combined model showed the best discrimination between responders and non-responders, and showed the highest positive and positive predictive value in both training set and test set. Conclusions The radiomics features are useful for nCT response prediction in EC patients.